Title: Energy and helicity budgets of solar quiet regions Show Chinese title

Title: 太阳宁静区域的能量和螺旋度预算

Abstract: We investigate the free magnetic energy and relative magnetic helicity budgets of solar quiet regions. Using a novel non-linear force-free method requiring single solar vector magnetograms we calculate the instantaneous free magnetic energy and relative magnetic helicity budgets in 55 quiet-Sun vector magnetograms. As in a previous work on active regions, we construct here for the first time the (free) energy-(relative) helicity diagram of quiet-Sun regions. We find that quiet-Sun regions have no dominant sense of helicity and show monotonic correlations a) between free magnetic energy/relative helicity and magnetic network area and, consequently, b) between free magnetic energy and helicity. Free magnetic energy budgets of quiet-Sun regions represent a rather continuous extension of respective active-region budgets towards lower values, but the corresponding helicity transition is discontinuous due to the incoherence of the helicity sense contrary to active regions. We further estimate the instantaneous free magnetic-energy and relative magnetic-helicity budgets of the entire quiet Sun, as well as the respective budgets over an entire solar cycle. Derived instantaneous free magnetic energy budgets and, to a lesser extent, relative magnetic helicity budgets over the entire quiet Sun are comparable to the respective budgets of a sizeable active region, while total budgets within a solar cycle are found higher than previously reported. Free-energy budgets are comparable to the energy needed to power fine-scale structures residing at the network, such as mottles and spicules. Show Chinese abstract

Abstract: 我们研究了太阳宁静区域的自由磁能和相对磁螺旋度预算。 使用一种需要单个太阳矢量磁图的新非线性力自由方法，我们在55个宁静太阳矢量磁图中计算了瞬时自由磁能和相对磁螺旋度预算。 与之前对活动区的研究类似，我们在此首次构建了宁静太阳区域的（自由）能量-（相对）螺旋度图。 我们发现，宁静太阳区域没有主导的螺旋度方向，并显示出单调的相关性 a) 自由磁能/相对螺旋度与磁网络面积之间的相关性，因此 b) 自由磁能与螺旋度之间的相关性。 宁静太阳区域的自由磁能预算相对于活动区域的预算向较低值连续扩展，但由于螺旋度方向的不一致性，相应的螺旋度过渡是不连续的，这与活动区域相反。 我们进一步估计了整个宁静太阳的瞬时自由磁能和相对磁螺旋度预算，以及整个太阳周期内的相应预算。 在整个宁静太阳范围内得出的瞬时自由磁能预算以及在一定程度上相对磁螺旋度预算与一个显著活动区域的相应预算相当，而整个太阳周期内的总预算比之前报告的更高。 自由能预算与支撑网络上细尺度结构（如斑点和针状体）所需的能量相当。