Title: Modifying horizon thermodynamics by surface tensions Show Chinese title

Title: 通过表面张力修改水平面热力学

Abstract: The modified first laws of thermodynamics at the black hole horizon and the cosmological horizon of the Schwarzschild de Sitter black hole and the apparent horizon of the Friedmann-Robertson-Walker cosmology are derived by the surface tensions, respectively. The corresponding Smarr relations are obeyed. For the black hole, the cosmological constant is first treated as a fixed constant, and then as a variable associated to the pressure. The law at the apparent horizon takes the same form as that at the cosmological horizon, but is different from that at the black hole horizon. The positive temperatures guarantee the appearance of the worked terms in the modified laws at the cosmological and apparent horizons. While they can disappear at the black hole horizon. Show Chinese abstract

Abstract: 由表面张力分别导出了施瓦茨希尔德-德西特黑洞的事件视界和宇宙学视界以及弗里德曼-罗伯逊-沃尔克宇宙学的似稳视界的修改后的热力学第一定律。相应的Smarr关系被遵守。对于黑洞，宇宙常数首先被当作一个固定常数，然后被当作与压力相关的变量。似稳视界处的定律形式与宇宙学视界处的相同，但不同于黑洞视界处的定律。正温度保证了在宇宙学和似稳视界处的修改后的定律中工作项的出现。而它们可以在黑洞视界处消失。