Title: Constraining Black Holes with Light Boson Hair and Boson Stars using Epicyclic Frequencies and QPOs Show Chinese title

Title: 利用轨道频率和准周期振荡约束具有轻玻色子毛发的黑洞和玻色子星

Abstract: Light bosonic fields are ubiquitous in extensions of the Standard Model. Even when minimally coupled to gravity, these fields might evade the assumptions of the black-hole no-hair theorems and give rise to spinning black holes which can be drastically different from the Kerr metric. Furthermore, they allow for self-gravitating compact solitons, known as (scalar or Proca) boson stars. The quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) observed in the X-ray flux emitted by accreting compact objects carry information about the strong-field region, thus providing a powerful tool to constrain deviations from Kerr's geometry and to search for exotic compact objects. By using the relativistic precession model as a proxy to interpret the QPOs in terms of geodesic frequencies, we investigate how the QPO frequencies could be used to test the no-hair theorem and the existence of light bosonic fields near accreting compact objects. We show that a detection of two QPO triplets with current sensitivity can already constrain these models, and that the future eXTP mission or a LOFT-like mission can set very stringent constraints on black holes with bosonic hair and on (scalar or Proca) boson stars. The peculiar geodesic structure of compact scalar/Proca boson stars implies that these objects can easily be ruled out as alternative models for X-ray source GRO J1655-40. Show Chinese abstract

Abstract: 轻标量场在标准模型扩展中无处不在。即使与引力最小耦合，这些场也可能违背黑洞无毛定理的假设，并导致与克尔度规截然不同的旋转黑洞。此外，它们允许自引力紧致孤立子的存在，即（标量或Proca）玻色星。在吸积致密天体发出的X射线流量中观测到的准周期振荡（QPO）携带了强场区域的信息，从而提供了一个有力的工具来限制偏离克尔几何的情况，并搜寻奇异的致密天体。通过使用相对论进动模型作为代理来用测地频率解释QPO，我们研究了如何利用QPO频率来检验无毛定理以及吸积致密天体附近的轻标量场的存在。我们表明，当前灵敏度下探测到两个QPO三重态即可约束这些模型，而未来的eXTP任务或类似LOFT的任务可以对具有玻色毛发的黑洞和（标量或Proca）玻色星设置非常严格的限制。紧凑型标量/Proca玻色星独特的测地结构意味着这些天体可以轻易被排除为X射线源GRO J1655-40的替代模型。