Title: Life cycle costing analysis of deep energy retrofits of a mid-rise building to understand the impact of energy conservation measures Show Chinese title

Title: 高层建筑深度节能改造的全生命周期成本分析，以了解节能措施的影响

Abstract: Building energy retrofits have been identified as key to realizing climate mitigation goals in Canada. This study aims to provide a roadmap for existing mid-rise building retrofits in order to understand the required capital investment, energy savings, energy cost savings, and carbon footprint for mid-rise residential buildings in Canada. This study employed EnergyPlus to examine the energy performance of 11 energy retrofit measures for a typical multi-unit residential building (MURB) in Metro Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. The author employed the energy simulation software (EnergyPlus) to evaluate the pre-and post-retrofit operational energy performance of the selected MURB. Two base building models powered by natural gas (NG-building) and electricity (E-building) were created by SketchUP. The energy simulation results were combined with cost and emission impact data to evaluate the economic and environmental performance of the selected energy retrofit measures. The results indicated that the NG-building can produce significant GHG emission reductions (from 27.64 tCO2e to 3.77 tCO2e) by implementing these energy retrofit measures. In terms of energy savings, solar PV, ASHP, water heater HP, and HRV enhancement have great energy saving potential compared to other energy retrofit measures. In addition, temperature setback, lighting, and airtightness enhancement present the best economic performance from a life cycle perspective. However, windows, ASHP, and solar PV, are not economical choices because of higher life cycle costs. While ASHP can increase life cycle costs for the NG-building, with the financial incentives provided by the governments, ASHP could be the best choice to reduce GHG emissions when stakeholders make decisions on implementing energy retrofits. Show Chinese abstract

Abstract: 建筑能效改造已被确定为实现加拿大气候减缓目标的关键。 本研究旨在为现有的中高层建筑改造提供路线图，以了解加拿大中高层住宅建筑所需的资本投资、能源节约、能源成本节约和碳足迹。 本研究采用EnergyPlus来评估不列颠哥伦比亚省温哥华都会区典型多单元住宅建筑（MURB）的11项能源改造措施的能源性能。 作者使用能源模拟软件（EnergyPlus）评估了所选MURB的改造前后运行能源性能。 通过SketchUP创建了两个由天然气（NG-building）和电力（E-building）驱动的基础建筑模型。 能源模拟结果与成本和排放影响数据相结合，以评估所选能源改造措施的经济和环境性能。 结果显示，通过实施这些能源改造措施，NG-building可以显著减少温室气体排放（从27.64 tCO2e减少到3.77 tCO2e）。 在能源节约方面，太阳能光伏、空气源热泵、热水器热泵和热回收通风增强相比其他能源改造措施具有更大的节能潜力。 此外，从全生命周期的角度来看，温度设定调整、照明和气密性增强表现出最佳的经济性能。 然而，窗户、空气源热泵和太阳能光伏由于全生命周期成本较高，不是经济的选择。 虽然空气源热泵可能会增加NG-building的全生命周期成本，但考虑到政府提供的财政激励，当利益相关者在决定实施能源改造时，空气源热泵可能是减少温室气体排放的最佳选择。