Title: Asymmetric networks, clientelism and their impacts: households' access to workfare employment in rural India Show Chinese title

Title: 不对称网络、庇护主义及其影响：农村印度家庭获取福利就业的机会

Abstract: In this paper we explore two intertwined issues. First, using primary data we examine the impact of asymmetric networks, built on rich relational information on several spheres of living, on access to workfare employment in rural India. We find that unidirectional relations, as opposed to reciprocal relations, and the concentration of such unidirectional relations increase access to workfare jobs. Further in-depth exploration provides evidence that patron-client relations are responsible for this differential access to such employment for rural households. Complementary to our empirical exercises, we construct and analyse a game-theoretical model supporting our findings. Show Chinese abstract

Abstract: 在本文中，我们探讨了两个相互关联的问题。 首先，使用原始数据，我们研究了基于丰富关系信息的非对称网络对农村印度生活中多个领域的影响，以及其对获得工作福利就业的影响。 我们发现，单向关系而非双向关系，以及这种单向关系的集中度，会增加获得工作福利工作的机会。 进一步的深入探讨提供了证据，表明保护人-门客关系是农村家庭在这种就业方面获得不同机会的原因。 作为我们实证分析的补充，我们构建并分析了一个支持我们发现的博弈论模型。