Title: Noncoding RNAs evolutionarily extend animal lifespan Show Chinese title

Title: 非编码RNAs进化地延长动物寿命

Abstract: The mechanisms underlying lifespan evolution in organisms have long been mysterious. However, recent studies have demonstrated that organisms evolutionarily gain noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) that carry endogenous profound functions in higher organisms, including lifespan. This study unveils ncRNAs as crucial drivers driving animal lifespan evolution. Species in the animal kingdom evolutionarily increase their ncRNA length in their genomes, coinciding with trimming mitochondrial genome length. This leads to lower energy consumption and ultimately lifespan extension. Notably, during lifespan extension, species exhibit a gradual acquisition of long-life ncRNA motifs while concurrently losing short-life motifs. These longevity-associated ncRNA motifs, such as GGTGCG, are particularly active in key tissues, including the endometrium, ovary, testis, and cerebral cortex. The activation of ncRNAs in the ovary and endometrium offers insights into why women generally exhibit longer lifespans than men. This groundbreaking discovery reveals the pivotal role of ncRNAs in driving lifespan evolution and provides a fundamental foundation for the study of longevity and aging. Show Chinese abstract

Abstract: 生物体寿命进化的机制长期以来一直是个谜。然而，最近的研究表明，生物体在进化过程中获得了具有内源性深刻功能的非编码RNA（ncRNAs），这些功能在高等生物中包括寿命。本研究揭示了ncRNAs作为驱动动物寿命进化的关键因素。动物界中的物种在基因组中进化性地增加了ncRNA的长度，这与线粒体基因组长度的修剪同时发生。这导致能量消耗降低，最终延长寿命。值得注意的是，在寿命延长过程中，物种逐渐获得长寿命ncRNA基序，同时失去短寿命基序。这些与长寿相关的ncRNA基序，如GGTGCG，在关键组织中特别活跃，包括子宫内膜、卵巢、睾丸和大脑皮层。卵巢和子宫内膜中ncRNAs的激活为为什么女性通常比男性寿命更长提供了见解。这一突破性的发现揭示了ncRNAs在驱动寿命进化中的关键作用，并为长寿和衰老的研究提供了基础。