Title: On the Standardization of Behavioral Use Clauses and Their Adoption for Responsible Licensing of AI Show Chinese title

Title: 关于行为使用条款的标准化及其在人工智能负责任许可中的采用

Abstract: Growing concerns over negligent or malicious uses of AI have increased the appetite for tools that help manage the risks of the technology. In 2018, licenses with behaviorial-use clauses (commonly referred to as Responsible AI Licenses) were proposed to give developers a framework for releasing AI assets while specifying their users to mitigate negative applications. As of the end of 2023, on the order of 40,000 software and model repositories have adopted responsible AI licenses licenses. Notable models licensed with behavioral use clauses include BLOOM (language) and LLaMA2 (language), Stable Diffusion (image), and GRID (robotics). This paper explores why and how these licenses have been adopted, and why and how they have been adapted to fit particular use cases. We use a mixed-methods methodology of qualitative interviews, clustering of license clauses, and quantitative analysis of license adoption. Based on this evidence we take the position that responsible AI licenses need standardization to avoid confusing users or diluting their impact. At the same time, customization of behavioral restrictions is also appropriate in some contexts (e.g., medical domains). We advocate for ``standardized customization'' that can meet users' needs and can be supported via tooling. Show Chinese abstract

Abstract: 对人工智能被疏忽或恶意使用的日益关注，增加了对有助于管理该技术风险的工具的需求。 2018年，提出了包含行为使用条款的许可证（通常称为负责任的人工智能许可证），以给开发者提供一个释放人工智能资产的框架，同时指定其用户以减轻负面应用。 截至2023年底，大约有40,000个软件和模型仓库采用了负责任的人工智能许可证。 以行为使用条款许可的著名模型包括BLOOM（语言）和LLaMA2（语言）、Stable Diffusion（图像）以及GRID（机器人）。 本文探讨了这些许可证为何以及如何被采用，以及为何以及如何被调整以适应特定的使用案例。 我们采用了一种混合方法的方法论，包括定性访谈、许可证条款聚类和许可证采用的定量分析。 基于这些证据，我们认为负责任的人工智能许可证需要标准化，以避免让用户困惑或削弱其影响。 同时，在某些情况下（例如医疗领域），对行为限制进行定制也是合适的。 我们倡导“标准化定制”，这可以满足用户的需求，并可通过工具支持。