Title: Review of Blockchain-Based Approaches to Spent Fuel Management in Nuclear Power Plants Show Chinese title

Title: 基于区块链的核电站乏燃料管理方法综述

Abstract: This study addresses critical challenges in managing the transportation of spent nuclear fuel, including inadequate data transparency, stringent confidentiality requirements, and a lack of trust among collaborating parties, issues prevalent in traditional centralized management systems. Given the high risks involved, balancing data confidentiality with regulatory transparency is imperative. To overcome these limitations, a prototype system integrating blockchain technology and the Internet of Things (IoT) is proposed, featuring a multi-tiered consortium chain architecture. This system utilizes IoT sensors for real-time data collection, which is immutably recorded on the blockchain, while a hierarchical data structure (operational, supervisory, and public layers) manages access for diverse stakeholders. The results demonstrate that this approach significantly enhances data immutability, enables real-time multi-sensor data integration, improves decentralized transparency, and increases resilience compared to traditional systems. Ultimately, this blockchain-IoT framework improves the safety, transparency, and efficiency of spent fuel transportation, effectively resolving the conflict between confidentiality and transparency in nuclear data management and offering significant practical implications. Show Chinese abstract

Abstract: 本研究针对管理乏核燃料运输的关键挑战进行了探讨，包括数据透明度不足、严格的保密要求以及协作方之间的信任缺失等问题，这些问题在传统的集中式管理系统中普遍存在。 鉴于其中涉及的高风险，平衡数据保密性和法规透明性至关重要。 为克服这些局限性，提出了一种结合区块链技术和物联网（IoT）的原型系统，该系统采用多层级联合链架构。 此系统利用物联网传感器实时收集数据，并将数据不可篡改地记录在区块链上，同时通过分级的数据结构（操作层、监督层和公共层）管理不同利益相关者的访问权限。 结果显示，这种方法显著提高了数据的不可篡改性，实现了实时多传感器数据集成，增强了去中心化的透明性，并与传统系统相比提升了韧性。 最终，这一区块链-物联网框架改善了乏燃料运输的安全性、透明性和效率，有效解决了核数据管理中保密性和透明性之间的冲突，并具有重要的实际应用意义。