Title: Indoor Sharing in the Mid-Band: A Performance Study of Neutral-Host, Cellular Macro, and Wi-Fi Show Chinese title

Title: 中频频段内的室内共享：中立主机、蜂窝宏基站和Wi-Fi的性能研究

Abstract: Indoor environments present a significant challenge for wireless connectivity, as immense data demand strains traditional solutions. Public Mobile Network Operators (MNOs), utilizing outdoor macro base stations (BSs), suffer from poor signal penetration. Indoor Wi-Fi networks, on the other hand, may face reliability issues due to spectrum contention. Shared spectrum models, particularly the Citizens Broadband Radio Service (CBRS) utilized by private 4G/5G networks, have emerged as a promising alternative to provide reliable indoor service. Moreover, these private networks are equipped with the neutral-host (NH) model, seamlessly offloading indoor MNOs' traffic to the private CBRS network. This paper presents a comprehensive, in-situ performance evaluation of three co-located technologies utilizing mid-bands spectrum (1-6 GHz)--a CBRS-based NH network, public MNO macro networks, and a Wi-Fi 6 network--within a large, big-box retail store characterized by significant building loss. Our analysis demonstrates: (i) the NH network provides superior indoor coverage compared to MNO macro, requiring only six CBRS devices (CBSDs)--versus 65 Access Points (APs) for enterprise Wi-Fi--to achieve full coverage, with a median building loss of 26.6 dB ensuring interference-free coexistence with outdoor federal incumbents; (ii) the NH network achieves substantial indoor throughput gains, with per-channel normalized throughput improvements of 1.44x and 1.62x in downlink (DL), and 4.33x and 13x in uplink (UL), compared to 4G and 5G macro deployments, respectively; (iii) the NH deployment achieves a median indoor aggregated physical (PHY)-layer DL throughput gain of 2.08x over 5G macro deployments indoors, despite utilizing only 40 MHz of aggregated bandwidth compared to 225 MHz for 5G macro; and (iv) the NH deployment also outperforms Wi-Fi in application-layer HTTP DL performance by 5.05x. Show Chinese abstract

Abstract: 室内环境对无线连接提出了重大挑战，因为巨大的数据需求使传统解决方案面临压力。公共移动网络运营商（MNOs）利用室外宏基站（BSs），但信号穿透能力较差。另一方面，室内Wi-Fi网络可能由于频谱竞争而面临可靠性问题。共享频谱模式，尤其是由私人4G/5G网络使用的公民宽带无线电服务（CBRS），已成为提供可靠室内服务的有前景的替代方案。此外，这些私人网络配备了中立主机（NH）模型，可以无缝地将室内MNOs的流量卸载到私有的CBRS网络中。 本文对三种利用中频频段（1-6 GHz）的共址技术在一个具有显著建筑物损耗的大规模大卖场零售店进行了全面的现场性能评估——基于CBRS的NH网络、公共MNO宏网络和Wi-Fi 6网络。我们的分析表明：（i）NH网络提供的室内覆盖优于MNO宏网络，在实现完全覆盖时，只需要六个CBRS设备（CBSDs）——而企业级Wi-Fi需要65个接入点（APs），并且其中值建筑物损耗为26.6 dB，确保与室外联邦占优者无干扰共存；（ii）NH网络实现了显著的室内吞吐量增益，在下行（DL）中每通道归一化吞吐量提高了1.44倍和1.62倍，上行（UL）中提高了4.33倍和13倍，分别与4G和5G宏部署相比；（iii）尽管NH部署仅使用了40 MHz的聚合带宽（而5G宏部署为225 MHz），但在室内环境下，其相对于5G宏部署的中值室内聚合物理（PHY）层DL吞吐量增益达到了2.08倍；（iv）NH部署在应用层HTTP DL性能方面也比Wi-Fi高出5.05倍。