Title: High-resolution Ultraviolet-to-nearinfrared Characterization of Exoplanet Atmospheres Show Chinese title

Title: 高分辨率紫外至近红外系外行星大气层表征

Abstract: The Habitable Worlds Observatory (HWO) offers a unique opportunity to revolutionize our understanding of planetary formation and evolution. The goal of this Science Case Development Document (SCDD) is to investigate the physical and chemical processes that shape the composition and atmospheric mass loss in exoplanets. We review the key observables currently known as diagnostics of mass loss via transit observations, i.e., absorption lines of escaping hydrogen (Lyman-alpha), helium, and metals (Fe, Mg, C, O). We also explore the challenges to infer planetary formation processes based on atmospheric composition characterization. HWO could enable a broad, continuous coverage from far-ultraviolet to near-infrared spectroscopy (~100--1600 nm) at high resolution (R > 60, 000), which is essential to make these measurements, disentangle their planetary origin from stellar activity, and ultimately, contextualize the escape rates by simultaneously characterizing the composition, cloud predominance, and thermal structure of exoplanet atmospheres. Show Chinese abstract

Abstract: 宜居世界观测台（HWO）提供了一个独特的机会，以彻底改变我们对行星形成和演化的理解。 本科学案例开发文件（SCDD）的目标是研究塑造系外行星组成和大气质量损失的物理和化学过程。 我们回顾了目前通过凌日观测作为质量损失诊断的关键可观测量，即逃逸氢的吸收线（Lyman-alpha）、氦和金属（Fe、Mg、C、O）。 我们还探讨了基于大气成分表征推断行星形成过程的挑战。 HWO可以实现从远紫外到近红外光谱（~100--1600 nm）的广泛连续覆盖，分辨率高（R > 60, 000），这对于进行这些测量、区分其行星起源与恒星活动，并最终通过同时表征系外行星大气的成分、云层主导程度和热结构来确定逃逸率至关重要。