Title: Relationship between Perceived Maneuverability and Involuntary Eye Movements under Systematically Varied Time Constants of Ride-on Machinery Show Chinese title

Title: 可感知操控性与非自主眼动之间的关系在乘坐式机械系统时间常数系统变化下的研究

Abstract: Studies suggest that involuntary eye movements exhibit greater stability during active motion compared to passive motion, and this effect may also apply to the operation of ride-on machinery. Moreover, a study suggested that experimentally manipulating the sense of agency (SoA) by introducing delays may influence the stability of involuntary eye movements. Although a preliminary investigation examined involuntary eye movements and perceived maneuverability under two distinct machine dynamics with preserved SoA, it remains unclear how systematic variations in motion dynamics influence these factors. Therefore, the purpose of the present research was to investigate whether systematic variations in the dynamic properties of a ride-on machine, where the perceived maneuverability is modulated, influence the accuracy of involuntary eye movements in human operators. Participants rode a yaw-rotational platform whose time constant from joystick input to motor torque of a rotational machine was systematically manipulated. During the operation, eye movements were recorded while participants fixated on a visual target. After each condition, participants provided subjective ratings of maneuverability and cognitive load. As the platform's time constant increased, the perceived maneuverability scores decreased while the cognitive loads increased. Concurrently, involuntary eye movement accuracy decreased. Moderate to weak positive correlations emerged between the perceived maneuverability scores and the eye movement gain and accuracy, while a weak negative correlation was found with cognitive load. Show Chinese abstract

Abstract: 研究表明，与被动运动相比，主动运动期间不随意的眼球运动表现出更大的稳定性，这种效应可能也适用于乘坐式机械的操作。 此外，一项研究指出，通过引入延迟来实验性地操纵自主感（SoA）可能会影响不随意眼动的稳定性。 尽管有一项初步研究检查了在保持SoA的情况下，两种不同的机械动力学下的不随意眼动和感知机动性，但尚不清楚运动动力学的系统变化如何影响这些因素。 因此，本研究的目的是调查乘坐式机械的动力学特性系统变化，其中感知机动性被调节，是否会影响操作人员不随意眼动的准确性。 参与者骑在一种偏航旋转平台上，该平台从操纵杆输入到旋转机械的电机扭矩的时间常数被系统地调整。 在操作过程中，参与者注视一个视觉目标时记录了眼动。 每个条件结束后，参与者提供了对机动性的主观评价和认知负荷的评价。 随着平台的时间常数增加，感知机动性评分下降，而认知负荷增加。 同时，不随意眼动的准确性下降。 感知机动性评分与眼动增益和准确性之间出现了中等到弱的正相关，而与认知负荷之间则出现弱的负相关。