Title: A matter of perspective: how nanoscale optical defects limit cosmic-scale gravitational wave observations Show Chinese title

Title: 视角的问题：纳米尺度的光学缺陷如何限制宇宙尺度的引力波观测

Abstract: Ground-based gravitational-wave (GW) detectors, such as LIGO, Virgo, and KAGRA, have revolutionised as- tronomy. Now, future detectors like the Einstein Telescope and Cosmic Explorer aim to achieve even greater sensitivity. Advanced optical simulations are crucial to overcoming the challenges faced by these complex in- terferometers. Finesse, the leading interferometer simulation tool in the GW community, supports the design and commissioning of these detectors by modeling optical, quantum, and mechanical effects. A key focus is understanding optical defects that distort the shape of the laser light and limit detector performance. This work explores how nanoscale defects affect GW observations and presents recent advancements in modeling their effects to guide the development of next-generation detector optics. Show Chinese abstract

Abstract: 地面引力波（GW）探测器，如LIGO、Virgo和KAGRA，已经革新了天文学。 现在，未来的探测器如爱因斯坦望远镜和宇宙探索者旨在实现更高的灵敏度。 先进的光学模拟对于克服这些复杂干涉仪面临的挑战至关重要。 Finesse是GW社区中领先的干涉仪模拟工具，通过建模光学、量子和机械效应来支持这些探测器的设计和调试。 一个关键的研究重点是理解会扭曲激光光束形状并限制探测器性能的光学缺陷。 这项工作探讨了纳米级缺陷如何影响引力波观测，并介绍了最近在模拟其影响方面的进展，以指导下一代探测器光学的发展。