Title: Electrically Reconfigurable Arbitrary Splitting-Ratio Optical Splitter Based on Low-Loss Sb2Se3 Show Chinese title

Title: 基于低损耗Sb₂Se₃的电可重构任意分光比光学分束器

Abstract: Reconfigurable beam splitters capable of being arbitrarily programmed for the power splitting ratios are vital for the adaptive optical networks and photonic computing. Conventional mechanisms such as thermo-optic, free-carrier, or mechanical tuning are usually volatile and require continuous power, limiting their suitability for low-frequency and low power-consumption programmable operations. Here, we experimentally demonstrate an electrically reconfigurable beam splitter based on the low-loss phase-change material Sb2Se3, enabling multi-level and arbitrary splitting-ratio (SR) control. By locally triggering phase transitions in the coupling region with integrated micro-electrodes, we exploit the high refractive-index contrast between different phases and negligible absorption in the near-infrared wavelength of Sb2Se3 to precisely tune the coupling strength with non-volatile retention. 8-level of power splitting states is achieved within a compact footprint of ~14.5-{\mu}m in the experiments, with insertion loss is ~1 dB across 1515-1550 nm and near-zero static power. Combining the advantages of compactness, broad bandwidth, low loss, non-volatility, and multi-level control experimentally, this device provides a universal building block for scalable, energy-efficient reconfigurable photonic circuits, with great prospects in optical computing and intelligent communication systems. Show Chinese abstract

Abstract: 可被任意编程以实现功率分割比的可重构光束分离器对于自适应光网络和光子计算至关重要。传统的机制如热光、自由载流子或机械调谐通常具有挥发性并且需要连续供电，这限制了它们在低频和低功耗可编程操作中的适用性。在这里，我们实验上展示了一种基于低损耗相变材料Sb2Se3的电可重构光束分离器，实现了多级和任意分割比（SR）控制。通过集成微电极在耦合区域局部触发相变，我们利用不同相之间的高折射率对比度以及Sb2Se3在近红外波长下的可忽略吸收，实现了非挥发性保持的耦合强度精确调节。实验中在约14.5-{\mu }m的紧凑尺寸内实现了8级功率分割状态，插入损耗在1515-1550 nm范围内约为1 dB，静态功率接近零。结合紧凑性、宽带宽、低损耗、非挥发性和多级控制的优势，该器件为可扩展、节能的可重构光子电路提供了一个通用的基本单元，在光子计算和智能通信系统中具有广阔前景。