Title: A low-circuit-depth quantum computing approach to the nuclear shell model Show Chinese title

Title: 一种低电路深度的量子计算方法用于核壳模型

Abstract: In this work, we introduce a new qubit mapping strategy for the Variational Quantum Eigensolver (VQE) applied to nuclear shell model calculations, where each Slater determinant (SD) is mapped to a qubit, rather than assigning qubits to individual single-particle states. While this approach may increase the total number of qubits required in some cases, it enables the construction of simpler quantum circuits that are more compatible with current noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices. We apply this method to seven nuclei: Four lithium isotopes $^{6-9}$Li from the \textit{p}-shell, $^{18}$F from the \textit{sd}-shell, and two heavier nuclei ($^{210}$Po, and $^{210}$Pb). We run circuits representing their ground states on a noisy simulator (IBM's \textit{FakeFez} backend) and quantum hardware ($ibm\_pittsburgh$). For heavier nuclei, we demonstrate the feasibility of simulating $^{210}$Po and $^{210}$Pb as 22- and 29-qubit systems, respectively. Additionally, we employ Zero-Noise Extrapolation (ZNE) via two-qubit gate folding to mitigate errors in both simulated and hardware-executed results. Post-mitigation, the best results show less than 4 \% deviation from shell model predictions across all nuclei studied. This SD-based qubit mapping proves particularly effective for lighter nuclei and two-nucleon systems, offering a promising route for near-term quantum simulations in nuclear physics. Show Chinese abstract

Abstract: 在本工作中，我们引入了一种新的量子比特映射策略，用于变分量子本征求解器（VQE）在核壳模型计算中的应用，其中每个斯莱特行列式（SD）被映射到一个量子比特，而不是将量子比特分配给单个单粒子态。 虽然这种方法在某些情况下可能会增加所需的总量子比特数量，但它使得构建更简单的量子电路成为可能，这些电路与当前的有噪声中等规模量子（NISQ）设备更加兼容。 我们将这种方法应用于七个核素：四个锂同位素$^{6-9}$Li 来自\textit{p}-壳层，$^{18}$F 来自\textit{sd}-壳层，以及两个较重的核素（$^{210}$Po 和$^{210}$Pb）。 我们在有噪声的模拟器（IBM的\textit{假费兹}后端）和量子硬件（$ibm\_pittsburgh$）上运行表示它们基态的电路。 对于更重的原子核，我们展示了模拟$^{210}$Po 和$^{210}$Pb 的可行性，分别作为22-和29-量子比特系统。 此外，我们通过两量子比特门折叠采用零噪声外推（ZNE）来减轻模拟和硬件执行结果中的误差。 缓解误差后，最佳结果在所有研究的原子核中与壳模型预测的偏差小于4%。 这种基于SD的量子比特映射对于较轻的原子核和两核子系统特别有效，为核物理中的近期量子模拟提供了一条有前景的途径。