Title: Hadronic scattering in (1+1)D SU(2) lattice gauge theory from tensor networks Show Chinese title

Title: 弦子散射在(1+1)D SU(2)格点规范理论中的张量网络研究

Abstract: We present a first real-time study of hadronic scattering in a (1+1)-dimensional SU(2) lattice gauge theory with fundamental fermions using tensor-network techniques. Working in the gaugeless Hamiltonian formulation -- where the gauge field is exactly integrated out and no truncation of the electric flux is required -- we investigate scattering processes across sectors of fixed global baryon number $B = 0, 1, 2$. These correspond respectively to meson--meson, meson--baryon, and baryon--baryon collisions. At strong coupling, the $B = 0$ and $B = 2$ channels exhibit predominantly elastic dynamics closely resembling those of the U(1) Schwinger model. In contrast, the mixed $B = 1$ sector shows qualitatively new behavior: meson and baryon wave packets become entangled during the collision, and depending on their initial kinematics, the slower state becomes spatially delocalized while the faster one propagates ballistically. We characterize these processes through local observables, entanglement entropy, and the information-lattice, which together reveal how correlations build up and relax during the interaction. Our results establish a first benchmark for non-Abelian real-time scattering from first principles and open the path toward quantum-simulation studies of baryon-number dynamics and inelastic processes in gauge theories. Show Chinese abstract

Abstract: 我们首次在(1+1)维SU(2)格点规范理论中使用张量网络技术对具有基本费米子的强子散射进行了实时研究。在无规范场的哈密顿量表述中——其中规范场被精确积分掉，不需要对电通量进行截断——我们研究了固定全局重子数$B = 0, 1, 2$的各部分中的散射过程。这些分别对应介子-介子、介子-重子和重子-重子碰撞。在强耦合下，$B = 0$和$B = 2$通道表现出主要的弹性动力学，与U(1)施温格模型的动力学非常相似。相反，混合的$B = 1$区域表现出定性上新的行为：介子和重子波包在碰撞过程中变得纠缠，根据其初始运动学，较慢的状态会变得空间非局域化，而较快的状态则作弹道传播。我们通过局部可观测量、纠缠熵和信息晶格来表征这些过程，这些共同揭示了相互作用期间相关性的建立和放松方式。我们的结果为从第一性原理出发的非阿贝尔实时散射建立了首个基准，并为研究规范理论中重子数动力学和非弹性过程的量子模拟研究铺平了道路。