加速器物理

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[1] arXiv:2507.17881 (交叉列表自 physics.acc-ph) [中文pdf, pdf, 其他]

标题： 一种用于高功率射频设备和加速器部件中多极击穿预测的监督机器学习框架：平面几何案例研究 显示英文标题

标题： A Supervised Machine Learning Framework for Multipactor Breakdown Prediction in High-Power Radio Frequency Devices and Accelerator Components: A Case Study in Planar Geometry

Asif Iqbal, John Verboncoeur, Peng Zhang

主题： 加速器物理 (physics.acc-ph) ; 机器学习 (cs.LG) ; 应用物理 (physics.app-ph) ; 等离子体物理 (physics.plasm-ph)

多倍体是一种非线性电子雪崩现象，可能严重损害高功率射频（RF）器件和加速器系统的性能。 在加速器组件设计和射频工程中，准确预测不同材料和操作条件下的多倍体敏感性仍然是一个关键但计算密集的挑战。 本研究首次应用监督机器学习（ML）来预测双表面平面几何结构中的多倍体敏感性。 使用一个通过模拟生成的数据集，涵盖六种不同的二次电子产率（SEY）材料轮廓，训练回归模型——包括随机森林（RF）、额外树（ET）、极端梯度提升（XGBoost）和漏斗结构的多层感知器（MLPs）——以预测时间平均电子增长速率，${\delta}_{avg}$。 使用交并比（IoU）、结构相似性指数（SSIM）和皮尔逊相关系数评估性能。 基于树的模型在跨不相交材料领域泛化方面始终优于MLPs。 使用标量化目标函数的MLPs，在贝叶斯超参数优化中结合IoU和SSIM，并进行五折交叉验证，其性能优于使用单目标损失函数训练的MLPs。 主成分分析表明，某些材料的性能退化源于不相交的特征空间分布，这强调了需要更广泛的数据集覆盖。 本研究展示了基于机器学习的多倍体预测的潜力和局限性，并为先进射频和加速器系统设计中的加速数据驱动建模奠定了基础。 显示英文摘要

Multipactor is a nonlinear electron avalanche phenomenon that can severely impair the performance of high-power radio frequency (RF) devices and accelerator systems. Accurate prediction of multipactor susceptibility across different materials and operational regimes remains a critical yet computationally intensive challenge in accelerator component design and RF engineering. This study presents the first application of supervised machine learning (ML) for predicting multipactor susceptibility in two-surface planar geometries. A simulation-derived dataset spanning six distinct secondary electron yield (SEY) material profiles is used to train regression models - including Random Forest (RF), Extra Trees (ET), Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), and funnel-structured Multilayer Perceptrons (MLPs) - to predict the time-averaged electron growth rate, ${\delta}_{avg}$. Performance is evaluated using Intersection over Union (IoU), Structural Similarity Index (SSIM), and Pearson correlation coefficient. Tree-based models consistently outperform MLPs in generalizing across disjoint material domains. MLPs trained using a scalarized objective function that combines IoU and SSIM during Bayesian hyperparameter optimization with 5-fold cross-validation outperform those trained with single-objective loss functions. Principal Component Analysis reveals that performance degradation for certain materials stems from disjoint feature-space distributions, underscoring the need for broader dataset coverage. This study demonstrates both the promise and limitations of ML-based multipactor prediction and lays the groundwork for accelerated, data-driven modeling in advanced RF and accelerator system design.

[2] arXiv:2507.18226 (交叉列表自 physics.acc-ph) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 用于高重复率操作的先进陶瓷等离子体放电毛细管 显示英文标题

标题： Advanced Ceramic Plasma Discharge Capillaries for high repetition rate operation

Lucio Crincoli, Romain Demitra, Valerio Lollo, Donato Pellegrini, Marco Pitti, Lucilla Pronti, Martina Romani, Massimo Ferrario, Angelo Biagioni

期刊参考： 科学报告 15, 12456 (2025)

主题： 加速器物理 (physics.acc-ph) ; 等离子体物理 (physics.plasm-ph)

鉴于等离子体基粒子加速器在高能物理和新型光源领域的未来应用，等离子体源在高重复率下运行的能力至关重要。 特别是对于允许直接控制等离子体特性的气体填充等离子体放电毛细管，材料的寿命是一个关键方面，该材料会因高压等离子体放电提供的热通量而受到侵蚀。 在这方面，我们提出了一种基于使用不同陶瓷材料的放电毛细管创新设计，这种设计可以在高重复率下承受高压等离子体放电，并且可以轻松加工以满足等离子体基加速器所需的复杂几何结构。 实验活动在10-150 Hz范围内进行，通过不同的诊断技术评估陶瓷毛细管的寿命。 此外，进行了数值模拟以分析整个等离子体源内的热传导。 实验和数值分析的结果表明，陶瓷毛细管能够在高重复率下的长期等离子体放电操作中保持等离子体特性以及源的完整性。 特别是，我们证明了所提出的解决方案适用于EuPRAXIA@SPARC_LAB项目预期的100-400 Hz工作范围。 显示英文摘要

In view of future applications of plasma-based particle accelerators, within the fields of high-energy physics and new light sources, the capability of plasma sources to operate at high repetition rates is crucial. In particular for gas-filled plasma discharge capillaries, which allow direct control over plasma properties, a key aspect is the longevity of the material, subject to erosion due to the heat flux delivered by high voltage plasma discharges. In this regard, we present an innovative design of discharge capillaries based on the use of different ceramic materials, which can sustain high voltage plasma discharges at high repetition rate and, moreover, be easily machined for the complex geometries required for plasma-based accelerators. Experimental campaigns are carried out at 10-150 Hz, assessing the longevity of ceramic capillaries by means of different diagnostic techniques. In addition, numerical simulations are performed to analyze the heat transfer within the whole plasma source. Results from experimental and numerical analysis highlight the capability of ceramic capillaries to preserve plasma properties and the integrity of the source during long-term plasma discharge operation at high repetition rate. In particular, we demonstrated the suitability of the proposed solution for the operative range of 100-400 Hz, foreseen for EuPRAXIA@SPARC_LAB project.

[3] arXiv:2507.18310 (交叉列表自 physics.acc-ph) [中文pdf, pdf, 其他]

标题： 高能质子加速器中氚的生成与释放建模 显示英文标题

标题： Modelling Tritium Production and Release at High-Energy Proton Accelerators

Dali Georgobiani (1), Thomas Ginter (2), Alajos Makovec (1), Igor Rakhno (1), Matthew Strait (1), Igor Tropin (1) ((1) Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, (2) Michigan State University)

评论： 第16届加速器、靶点和辐照设施防护问题研讨会（SATIF-16）

主题： 加速器物理 (physics.acc-ph)

氚是粒子加速器运行的众所周知的副产品。 为了将氚水平保持在监管限值以下，费米实验室积极监测和管理氚的产生。 我们计划研究费米实验室设施（如NuMI、BNB和MI-65）中靶材、束流线组件和屏蔽元件中的氚产生情况。 为了便于分析，我们构建了一个简单的模型，并使用三种蒙特卡罗辐射代码FLUKA、MARS和PHITS来估算这些设施中产生的氚量。 该分析还可以作为这些代码在氚产生相关结果之间的相互比较。 为了评估各种材料实际释放的氚量，我们采用了一种半经验扩散模型。 只要有可能，就会将该分析的结果与实验数据进行比较。 这种方法还有助于优化所提议的靶材，以减少氚的产生和释放。 显示英文摘要

Tritium is a well-known byproduct of particle accelerator operations. To keep levels of tritium below regulatory limits, tritium production is actively monitored and managed at Fermilab. We plan to study tritium production in the targets, beamline components, and shielding elements of the Fermilab facilities such as NuMI, BNB, and MI-65. To facilitate the analysis, we construct a simple model and use three Monte Carlo radiation codes, FLUKA, MARS, and PHITS, to estimate the amount of tritium produced in these facilities. The analysis could also serve as an intercomparison between these code results related to tritium production. To assess the actual amounts of tritium that would be released from various materials, we employ a semi-empirical diffusion model. The results of this analysis are compared to experimental data whenever possible. This approach also helps to optimize proposed target materials with respect to the tritium production and release.

替换提交 (展示 1 之 1 条目 )

[4] arXiv:2502.10740 (替换) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 用于共线激光光谱的射频四极子冷却-束流装置的调试 显示英文标题

标题： Commissioning of a radiofrequency quadrupole cooler-buncher for collinear laser spectroscopy

Yin-Shen Liu, Han-Rui Hu, Xiao-Fei Yang, Wen-Cong Mei, Yang-Fan Guo, Zhou Yan, Shao-Jie Chen, Shi-wei Bai, Shu-Jing Wang, Yong-Chao Liu, Peng Zhang, Dong-Yang Chen, Yan-Lin Ye, Qi-Te Li, Jie Yang, Stephan Malbrunot-Ettenauer, Simon Lechner, Carina Kanitz

主题： 仪器与探测器 (physics.ins-det) ; 核实验 (nucl-ex) ; 加速器物理 (physics.acc-ph)

一种射频四极子（RFQ）冷却-聚束系统已在共线激光光谱设置中开发并实现。 该系统专门用于将连续离子束转换为短脉冲，同时提高束流质量并减小能量分散。 通过离线测试验证了RFQ冷却-聚束系统的功能，测试中使用了来自表面离子源和激光烧蚀离子源的稳定铷和铟离子束。 在飞行时间谱中，脉冲离子束的半高全宽约为2~$\mu$s，传输效率超过60%。 RFQ冷却-聚束系统的实现也显著提高了共线激光光谱设置的整体传输效率。 显示英文摘要

A RadioFrequency Quadrupole (RFQ) cooler-buncher system has been developed and implemented in a collinear laser spectroscopy setup. This system is dedicated to convert a continuous ion beam into short bunches, while enhancing beam quality and reducing energy spread. The functionality of the RFQ cooler-buncher has been verified through offline tests with stable rubidium and indium beam, delivered from a surface ion source and a laser ablation ion source, respectively. With a transmission efficiency exceeding 60\%, bunched ion beams with a full width at half maximum of approximately 2~$\mu$s in the time-of-flight spectrum have been successfully achieved. The implementation of the RFQ cooler-buncher system also significantly improves the overall transmission efficiency of the collinear laser spectroscopy setup.