标题： 高密度核物质：相变、多夸克态和超新星爆发 显示英文标题

标题： Nuclear matter at high density: Phase transitions, multiquark states, and supernova outbursts

摘要： 讨论了各种温度和净重子密度条件下从强子物质到夸克-胶子物质的相变。对于小密度和中等密度，这种相变在场关联方法的框架内可以被精确描述，而在高密度下，预测则不太确定，并为现象学模型留出了空间。我们研究了零温高密度下多夸克态（MQS）的形成。核物质的相关MQS成分可以用之前发展的夸克组分袋（QCB）形式主义来描述。核子-核子散射的部分波分析表明存在6QS，它们表现为$P$矩阵的极点。在QCB模型的框架内，我们为核物质中的核子和6QS传播子以及G矩阵制定了一组自洽耦合方程。这种方法提供了高密度核物质与MQS成分之间的联系，也解释了在核反应中观察到的累积效应，这需要在核的波函数中加入MQS成分的动力学混合。6QS决定了可能的核物质相变为MQS相的密度自然尺度。这种相变可能导致新诞生的原中子星的动力学不稳定，并显著影响超新星的动力学。数值模拟显示，这种相变可能是球对称超新星模型中触发超新星爆炸的一个好办法。相变的一个特定标志是在中微子光曲线中出现额外的中微子峰值。对于银河系的核心坍缩超新星，这样的峰值可能被现有的中微子探测器分辨出来。此外，还讨论了从中微子信号观测中提取相变参数的可能性。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Phase transition from hadronic matter to quark-gluon matter is discussed for various regimes of temperature and baryon number density. For small and medium densities, the phase transition is accurately described in the framework of the Field Correlation Method, whereas at high density predictions are less certain and leave room for the phenomenological models. We study formation of multiquark states (MQS) at zero temperature and high density. Relevant MQS components of the nuclear matter can be described using a previously developed formalism of the quark compound bags (QCB). Partial-wave analysis of nucleon-nucleon scattering indicates the existence of 6QS which manifest themselves as poles of $P$-matrix. In the framework of the QCB model, we formulate a self-consistent system of coupled equations for the nucleon and 6QS propagators in nuclear matter and the G-matrix. The approach provides a link between high-density nuclear matter with the MQS components and the cumulative effect observed in reactions on the nuclei, which requires the admixture of MQS in the wave functions of nuclei kinematically. 6QS determine the natural scale of the density for a possible phase transition into the MQS phase of nuclear matter. Such a phase transition can lead to dynamic instability of newly born protoneutron stars and dramatically affect the dynamics of supernovae. Numerical simulations show that the phase transition may be a good remedy for the triggering supernova explosions in the spherically symmetric supernova models. A specific signature of the phase transition is an additional neutrino peak in the neutrino light curve. For a Galactic core-collapse supernova, such a peak could be resolved by the present neutrino detectors. The possibility of extracting the parameters of the phase of transition from observation of the neutrino signal is discussed also.