标题： 重新审视经验太阳能量粒子比例关系 II。 日冕物质抛射 显示英文标题

标题： Revisiting Empirical Solar Energetic Particle Scaling Relations II. Coronal Mass Ejections

摘要： 目标。 通过研究太阳高能粒子（SEP）事件的峰值质子通量和通量与日冕物质抛射（CME）速度之间的标度定律，评估空间辐射环境条件和最大预期日冕物质抛射（CME）速度。 方法。 我们利用一个完整的SEP事件目录，涵盖了过去约25年的CME观测数据（即1997年至2017年）。我们计算了那些达到积分能量高达E> 100 MeV的事件的峰值质子通量和积分事件通量，覆盖了过去约25年的CME观测期间。 对于一个包含38个强SEP事件的样本，我们首先研究了在一组积分能量E>10 MeV、E>30 MeV、E>60 MeV和E>100 MeV下记录的峰值质子通量（IP）和通量（FP）与通过太阳和日球观测台/大角度光谱日冕仪（SOHO/LASCO）获得的近太阳投影CME速度（VCME）之间的统计关系。 基于推导出的关系，我们进一步计算了IP和FP的积分能量依赖性，假设它们相对于能量遵循反幂律。 通过利用简单的物理假设，我们将推导出的标度定律结合起来，估计VCME、IP和FP的上限，重点关注1956年2月23日发生的已知极端SEP事件（GLE05）和公元774/775年发生的事件。 在给定的物理约束和假设下，对与这些事件相关的VCME上限的几种选项进行了研究。 结果。 一种将IP和FP与CME速度相关联的标度定律为V^{5}CME，适用于CME速度在约3400-5400 km/s范围内的CME，这与公元774/775年宇宙成因核素事件推断的FP值一致。同时，当前太阳可能提供的最大CME速度可能落在VCME <= 5500 km/s的上限内。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Aims. The space radiation environment conditions and the maximum expected coronal mass ejection (CME) speed are being assessed through the investigation of scaling laws between the peak proton flux and fluence of Solar Energetic Particle (SEP) events with the speed of the CMEs. Methods. We utilize a complete catalog of SEP events, covering the last ~25 years of CME observations (i.e. 1997 to 2017). We calculate the peak proton fluxes and integrated event fluences for those events reaching an integral energy of up to E> 100 MeV, covering the period of the last ~25 years of CME observations. For a sample of 38 strong SEP events, we first investigate the statistical relations between the recorded peak proton fluxes (IP) and fluences (FP) at a set of integral energies of E >10 MeV, E>30 MeV, E>60 MeV, and E>100 MeV versus the projected CME speed near the Sun (VCME) obtained by the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory/Large Angle and Spectrometric Coronagraph (SOHO/LASCO). Based on the inferred relations, we further calculate the integrated energy dependence of both IP and FP, assuming that they follow an inverse power-law with respect to energy. By making use of simple physical assumptions, we combine our derived scaling laws to estimate the upper limits for VCME, IP, and FP focusing on two cases of known extreme SEP events that occurred on February 23, 1956 (GLE05) and in AD774/775, respectively. Given physical constraints and assumptions, several options for the upper limit VCME, associated with these events, are investigated. Results. A scaling law relating IP and FP to the CME speed as V^{5}CME for CMEs ranging between ~3400-5400 km/s is consistent with values of FP inferred for the cosmogenic nuclide event of AD774/775. At the same time, the upper CME speed that the current Sun can provide possibly falls within an upper limit of VCME <= 5500 km/s.