标题： 探索大气进入的地震信号检测与源识别：以“隼鸟2号”样本返回舱作为基准 显示英文标题

标题： Exploring Seismic Signal Detection and Source Identification of Atmospheric Entries: The Hayabusa2 Sample Return Capsule as a Benchmark

摘要： 这项探索性研究调查了地震信号是否可用于推断陨石事件中的碎裂情况。 再入物体，特别是样本返回舱（SRC），例如来自隼鸟2号任务的样本返回舱，在大气层进入时的行为类似于慢速流星，并为自然陨石事件提供了宝贵的见解。 在本研究中，我们最初分析了2020年12月5日在南澳大利亚发生的隼鸟2号SRC再入的地震信号。 SRC的特征被一个密集的地震站网络（Eakin，2018；O'Donnell等人，2020）捕捉到，这提供了一个独特的机会来研究信号的特性并验证它们与再入事件的联系。 弹道轨迹被确认为该事件的震源机制。 我们将这个信号隔离出来，并将其用作弹道冲击信号的参考，然后将其与其他三个火球案例研究进行比较，包括亚轨道再入和两个自然流星体。 尽管在这个初步研究中没有考虑局部地质和大气条件等因素，但我们的结果显示出了希望，纯弹道轨迹事件的相关性较高，而涉及碎裂或空中爆炸的事件相关性较低。 这意味着地震数据可能能够区分特定的火球事件是否经历了显著的碎裂或空中爆炸，这是评估物体强度的关键现象。 显示英文摘要

摘要： This exploratory study investigates whether seismic signals can be used to infer fragmentation during a fireball event. Re-entry objects, particularly sample return capsules (SRCs) such as the one from the Hayabusa2 mission, behave similarly to slow meteors during atmospheric entry and provide valuable insights into natural fireball events. In this study, we initially analyse seismic signals from the Hayabusa2 SRC re-entry, which took place on December 5, 2020, over South Australia. The SRC's signature was captured by a dense network of seismic stations (Eakin, 2018; O'Donnell et al., 2020), offering a unique opportunity to investigate the signals' characteristics and verify their connection to the re-entry event. The ballistic trajectory was confirmed as the source shock mechanism for this event. We isolate this signal and use it as a reference for a ballistic shock signature and compare it to three other fireball case studies, including a suborbital re-entry and two natural meteoroids. Although factors such as local geology and atmospheric conditions were not considered in this preliminary study, our results show promise, with high correlations for events with purely ballistic trajectories and lower correlations for those involving fragmentation or airbursts. This implies that seismic data may be able to disambiguate whether any particular fireball event underwent significant fragmentation or airburst, key phenomena for assessing body strengths.