标题： 三氧化硫雾霾类似物：一氧化碳在雾霾形成中的作用 显示英文标题

标题： Triton Haze Analogues: the Role of Carbon Monoxide in Haze Formation

摘要： 海王星系统中最大的卫星是海卫一，它拥有一个由少量一氧化碳和甲烷组成的稀薄氮气大气层，使其成分与矮行星冥王星相似。 像冥王星和土星的卫星泰坦一样，海卫一具有被认为是由光化学作用形成的有机物组成的雾霾层。 在此，我们在90 K和1 mbar条件下，对0.5%的一氧化碳和0.2%的甲烷在分子氮中的混合物进行大气室实验，以生成海卫一雾霾的类似物。 然后我们表征这些颗粒的物理和化学性质。 我们测量它们的生成速率，通过燃烧分析测定其整体组成，通过超高分辨率质谱测定其分子组成，并通过傅里叶变换红外（FTIR）光谱测定它们从光学到近红外（0.4至5微米）范围内的透射率和反射率。 我们将这些特性与现有海卫一大气层及其表面的测量结果进行比较，并将这些结果置于我们太阳系中所有小型、富含氮气且有雾霾的世界的背景下进行解释。 我们发现，在大气中一氧化碳的混合比大于甲烷时，可以导致显著富含氧和氮的雾霾材料。 这些海卫一雾霾类似物在其近红外光谱中具有清晰的可观测特征，这可能有助于我们区分太阳系不同天体上雾霾形成过程背后的机制。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Triton is the largest moon of the Neptune system and possesses a thin nitrogen atmosphere with trace amounts of carbon monoxide and methane, making it of similar composition to that of the dwarf planet Pluto. Like Pluto and Saturn's moon Titan, Triton has a haze layer thought to be composed of organics formed through photochemistry. Here, we perform atmospheric chamber experiments of 0.5% carbon monoxide and 0.2% methane in molecular nitrogen at 90 K and 1 mbar to generate Triton haze analogues. We then characterize the physical and chemical properties of these particles. We measure their production rate, their bulk composition with combustion analysis, their molecular composition with very high resolution mass spectrometry, and their transmission and reflectance from the optical to the near-infrared (0.4 to 5 microns) with Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. We compare these properties to existing measurements of Triton's tenuous atmosphere and its surface, as well as contextualize these results in view of all the small, hazy nitrogen-rich worlds of our solar system. We find that carbon monoxide present at greater mixing ratios than methane in the atmosphere can lead to significantly oxygen- and nitrogen-rich haze materials. These Triton haze analogues have clear observable signatures in their near-infrared spectra, which may help us differentiate the mechanisms behind haze formation processes across diverse solar system bodies.