标题： 标准宇宙学模型和CMB各向异性 显示英文标题

标题： The Standard Cosmological Model and CMB Anisotropies

摘要： 这是一门关于标准宇宙学模型中宇宙微波背景(CMB)各向异性的课程，面向初级研究生和高年级本科生。 在此背景下，“标准宇宙学模型”意味着一个由某种形式的冷暗物质(CDM)主导的宇宙，在某个初始时期（例如，暴胀）产生了绝热扰动，并仅在引力作用下演化（这使其区别于缺陷模型）。 该课程主要是理论性的，关注在此背景下CMB各向异性的物理及其与结构形成的关系。 简要介绍了均匀大爆炸模型和观测到的宇宙大尺度结构。 然后课程大部分内容集中在均匀模型的小扰动演化以及CMB温度各向异性的生成上。 理论发展是在(伪)牛顿规范中进行的，因为它通过提供对经典（牛顿）概念的快速参考来帮助直观理解。 课程的根本目标不是得出高度精确或详尽的各向异性计算，而是对这些计算中涉及的基本物理有良好的理解。 显示英文摘要

摘要： This is a course on cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropies in the standard cosmological model, designed for beginning graduate students and advanced undergraduates. ``Standard cosmological model'' in this context means a Universe dominated by some form of cold dark matter (CDM) with adiabatic perturbations generated at some initial epoch, e.g., Inflation, and left to evolve under gravity alone (which distinguishes it from defect models). The course is primarily theoretical and concerned with the physics of CMB anisotropies in this context and their relation to structure formation. Brief presentations of the uniform Big Bang model and of the observed large--scale structure of the Universe are given. The bulk of the course then focuses on the evolution of small perturbations to the uniform model and on the generation of temperature anisotropies in the CMB. The theoretical development is performed in the (pseudo--)Newtonian gauge because it aids intuitive understanding by providing a quick reference to classical (Newtonian) concepts. The fundamental goal of the course is not to arrive at a highly exact nor exhaustive calculation of the anisotropies, but rather to a good understanding of the basic physics that goes into such calculations.