标题： 宇宙学中大质量黑洞的演化。 I. 0<z<2时的质量函数 显示英文标题

标题： Cosmological evolution of supermassive black holes. I. mass function at 0<z<2

摘要： 我们展示了红移范围z=0-2的超大质量黑洞（SMBH）的质量函数，使用最新的场星系深度光度和质量函数来限制其球状体的质量，我们将这些质量通过SMBH与球状体质量之间的经验相关性（M_bh-M_sph关系）与SMBH质量联系起来。 除了球状体恒星内容的光度衰减外，我们还仔细考虑了星系群体的 bulge-to-total 光度比和 M_bh/M_sph 比的变化，根据最近的多项研究，这些变化随红移迅速演化。 从星系光度和质量函数得出的SMBH质量函数在形状和归一化方面都表现出非常好的一致性。 所得的本地时期（z~0）的SMBH质量函数和积分质量密度与其它研究独立得出的结果吻合良好。 与宇宙缩小的其他证据一致，自$z\approx2$以来，质量函数的高端大致保持不变，而低质量黑洞的空间密度经历了强烈演化。 我们仔细评估了各种不确定性来源对我们的计算的影响。 一篇配套论文利用本工作中得出的质量函数来确定黑洞吸积的辐射效率以及可以施加于黑洞自转宇宙演化的约束。 显示英文摘要

摘要： We present the mass function of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) over the redshift range z=0-2, using the latest deep luminosity and mass functions of field galaxies to constrain the masses of their spheroids, which we relate to SMBH mass through the empirical correlation between SMBH and spheroid mass (the M_bh-M_sph relation). In ddition to luminosity fading of the stellar content of the spheroids, we carefully consider the variation of the bulge-to-total luminosity ratio of the galaxy populations and the M_bh/M_sph ratio, which, according to numerous recent studies, evolves rapidly with redshift. The SMBH mass functions derived from the galaxy luminosity and mass functions show very good agreement, both in shape and in normalization. The resultant SMBH mass function and integrated mass density for the local epoch (z~0) match well those derived independently by other studies. Consistent with other evidence for cosmic downsizing, the upper end of the mass function remains roughly constant since $z\approx2$, while the space density of lower mass black holes undergoes strong evolution. We carefully assess the impact of various sources of uncertainties on our calculations. A companion paper uses the mass function derived in this work to determine the radiative efficiency of black hole accretion and constraints that can be imposed on the cosmological evolution of black hole spin.