标题： 宇宙射线缪子的能量依赖各向异性：与冰立方中微子天文台的十二年研究 显示英文标题

标题： Energy-dependent anisotropy of cosmic-ray muons: A twelve-year study with IceCube Neutrino Observatory

摘要： 我们利用IceCube中微子天文台12年（2011-2023）的数据，对宇宙射线缪子各向异性进行了全面的能量分辨研究，涵盖了13 TeV到5.3 PeV能量范围内的7.92 x 10^11个事例。 在对数能量尺度5 GeV处划分能谱，通过恒星调制、角度剖面、傅里叶分析和全天空HEALPix映射，对比低能和高能各向异性特征。 使用卡方、归一化卡方和贝叶斯信息准则评估能量分布的高斯和幂律拟合。 结果表明，在低能区域存在强烈的偶极和大尺度各向异性，可能由地磁和大气效应引起，而高能缪子显示较弱且更局部的结构，与散射减少和源相关各向异性一致。 能量分布由高斯很好地拟合，特别是在6.5到100 bin范围内，验证了IceCube在PeV尺度上的重建能力。 这些发现证实了能量相关的各向异性，并支持宇宙射线扩散模型。 显示英文摘要

摘要： We present a comprehensive, energy-resolved study of cosmic-ray muon anisotropy using 12 years (2011-2023) of data from the IceCube Neutrino Observatory, comprising 7.92 x 10^11 events in the 13 TeV to 5.3 PeV energy range. Dividing the spectrum at log-scale energy 5 GeV, we contrast low- and high-energy anisotropy features via sidereal modulation, angular profiles, Fourier analysis, and full-sky HEALPix mapping. Gaussian and power-law fits to energy distributions are evaluated using chi-squared, reduced chi-squared, and Bayesian Information Criterion. Results show strong dipolar and large-scale anisotropy at low energies, likely due to geomagnetic and atmospheric effects, while high-energy muons display weaker, more localized structures consistent with reduced scattering and source-related anisotropy. Energy distributions are well fit by Gaussians, especially in the 6.5 to 100 bin, validating IceCube's reconstruction at PeV scales. These findings confirm energy-dependent anisotropy and support cosmic-ray diffusion models.