标题： 原初黑洞热点和非平衡动力学 显示英文标题

标题： Primordial Black Hole Hot Spots and Out-of-Equilibrium Dynamics

摘要： 当原始黑洞（PBHs）在早期宇宙中蒸发时，它们会局部加热周围的等离子体，形成温度可以显著高于平均等离子体温度的热点。 在本工作中，我们提供了一个通用框架，用于计算与标准模型相互作用的粒子能够逃逸出热点的概率。 更具体地说，我们考虑这些热点如何影响轻子生成情景中宇宙重子不对称性的产生（BAU），以及暗物质（DM）的产生。 对于轻子生成，我们发现由PBH产生的右旋中微子即使在宇宙温度低于电弱相变温度的情况下，仍可能对BAU做出贡献，因为在热点内部范德瓦尔兹过程可能仍然活跃。 对于暗物质，由PBH发出的粒子可能在热点内的加热等离子体中达到热平衡，从而有效阻止它们对观测到的残留丰度做出贡献。 我们的工作强调了在PBHs与早期宇宙可观测量的相互作用中包含热点的重要性。 显示英文摘要

摘要： When light primordial black holes (PBHs) evaporate in the early Universe, they locally reheat the surrounding plasma, creating hot spots with temperatures that can be significantly higher than the average plasma temperature. In this work, we provide a general framework for calculating the probability that a particle interacting with the Standard Model can escape the hot spot. More specifically, we consider how these hot spots influence the generation of the baryon asymmetry of the Universe (BAU) in leptogenesis scenarios, as well as the production of dark matter (DM). For leptogenesis, we find that PBH-produced right-handed neutrinos can contribute to the BAU even if the temperature of the Universe is below the electroweak phase transition temperature, since sphaleron processes may still be active within the hot spot. For DM, particles emitted by PBHs may thermalise with the heated plasma within the hot spot, effectively preventing them from contributing to the observed relic abundance. Our work highlights the importance of including hot spots in the interplay of PBHs and early Universe observables