标题： JWST SMBHs 的起源是什么？ 显示英文标题

标题： What is the origin of the JWST SMBHs?

摘要： 我们提出了一种新的半解析模型，用于研究星系和超大质量黑洞（SMBHs）的演化，该模型基于扩展的Press-Schechter形式主义和恒星形成的现象学建模。 该模型得出的黑洞质量-恒星质量关系能够再现JWST和JWST之前的观测结果。 如果黑洞合并的效率较高，JWST数据偏好轻种子，而JWST之前的数据显示偏好重种子。 对于较小的合并效率，$O(0.1)$，拟合效果更好，此时两种数据都偏好重种子，同时也能容纳PTA引力波背景数据。 显示英文摘要

摘要： We present a new semi-analytical model for the evolution of galaxies and supermassive black holes (SMBHs) that is based on the extended Press-Schechter formalism and phenomenological modelling of star formation. The model yields BH mass-stellar mass relations that reproduce both the JWST and pre-JWST observations. If the efficiency for BH mergers is high the JWST data prefer light seeds while the pre-JWST data prefers heavy seeds. The fit improves for a smaller merger efficiency, $O(0.1)$, for which both data prefer heavy seeds, while also accommodating the PTA GW background data.