标题： 三维金星云结构的通用环流模型模拟 显示英文标题

标题： Three-Dimensional Venus Cloud Structure Simulated by a General Circulation Model

摘要： 云对金星的能量平衡和气候演化有重大影响，但其三维结构仍不完全清楚。 在这里，我们将一个简单的金星云物理方案引入到一个灵活的GCM中，以研究三维云的空间变化。 我们的模拟在云层和H2SO4蒸气的垂直分布方面与观测结果有良好的一致性。 由于云区的高效输送，H2O蒸气在云层之上被高估。 云顶随着纬度的增加而下降，这与金星快车的观测结果定性一致。 其潜在机制是H2SO4化学生成和经向环流的结合。 在50-60公里高度的H2SO4混合比以及主云层中的H2O蒸气基本上在赤道附近表现出最大值，这是由于温度对这两种物质的饱和蒸气混合比的控制作用。 云的质量分布受到H2SO4化学生成和动力输送的共同影响，在上云层呈现赤道附近的峰值，而在中云层则在中高纬度出现峰值。 在低纬度地区，H2SO4和H2O蒸气、云质量负荷和酸度在不同高度范围显示出半日变化，这可以与未来的任务进行验证。 我们的模型强调了金星气候系统的复杂性，并且迫切需要更多的观测和模拟来揭示其空间变化及其背后的大气和/或地质过程。 显示英文摘要

摘要： The clouds have a great impact on Venus's energy budget and climate evolution, but its three-dimensional structure is still not well understood. Here we incorporate a simple Venus cloud physics scheme into a flexible GCM to investigate the three-dimensional cloud spatial variability. Our simulations show good agreement with observations in terms of the vertical profiles of clouds and H2SO4 vapor. H2O vapor is overestimated above the clouds due to efficient transport in the cloud region. The cloud top decreases as latitude increases, qualitatively consistent with Venus Express observations. The underlying mechanism is the combination of H2SO4 chemical production and meridional circulation. The mixing ratios of H2SO4 at 50-60 km and H2O vapors in the main cloud deck basically exhibit maxima around the equator, due to the effect of temperature's control on the saturation vapor mixing ratios of the two species. The cloud mass distribution is subject to both H2SO4 chemical production and dynamical transport and shows a pattern that peaks around the equator in the upper cloud while peaks at mid-high latitudes in the middle cloud. At low latitudes, H2SO4 and H2O vapors, cloud mass loading and acidity show semidiurnal variations at different altitude ranges, which can be validated against future missions. Our model emphasizes the complexity of the Venus climate system and the great need for more observations and simulations to unravel its spatial variability and underlying atmospheric and/or geological processes.