标题： 使用帧归一化主成分分析对JWST MIRI 15μm系外行星掩食观测的统一再分析 显示英文标题

标题： Uniform Reanalysis of JWST MIRI 15μm Exoplanet Eclipse Observations using Frame-Normalized Principal Component Analysis

摘要： JWST MIRI 15微米时间序列掩食光度测量提供了一种有效的方法，用于探测低温度岩石系外行星在其附近恒星轨道上是否存在大气层。 在这里，我们介绍一种新方法，帧归一化主成分分析（FN-PCA）来分析和消除这些MIRI时间序列观测数据的趋势。 使用FN-PCA方法，我们利用我们的新型数据减少管道（Erebus）对已发表的LHS 1478 b、TOI-1468 b、LHS 1140 c、TRAPPIST-1 b和TRAPPIST-1 c的MIRI 15微米观测数据进行统一重新分析，并将其与不同的潜在大气和地表组成进行比较。 我们还研究了其他公开数据集，其唯一目的是理解影响MIRI的仪器系统误差。 我们识别并分类了在所有17个分析的掩食观测中普遍存在的重要的探测器级系统误差，这些系统误差在FN-PCA中被表示为特征图像/特征值对。 其中一组特征图像/特征值对应于时间序列观测开始时明显的斜坡效应，这在JWST和Spitzer光度测量中已被广泛报道。 对于JWST/MIRI，我们表明探测器稳定时间与目标恒星的视星等呈指数关系$T_\mathrm{set} \mathrm{[hours]} = 0.063\exp^{0.427\cdot m_K} -0.657$。 这种统一的重新分析和对JWST/MIRI系统误差的研究是为了准备500小时的Rocky Worlds DDT调查，以展示一个适用于所有MIRI 15微米数据集的数据驱动系统模型。 显示英文摘要

摘要： JWST MIRI 15 micron time-series eclipse photometry presents a powerful way to probe for the presence of atmospheres on low-temperature rocky exoplanets orbiting nearby stars. Here, we introduce a novel technique, frame-normalized principal component analysis (FN-PCA) to analyze and detrend these MIRI time-series observations. Using the FN-PCA technique, we perform a uniform reanalysis of the published MIRI 15 micron observations of LHS 1478 b, TOI-1468 b, LHS 1140 c, TRAPPIST-1 b, and TRAPPIST-1 c using our new data reduction pipeline (Erebus) and compare them to different potential atmospheric and surface compositions. We also investigate additional public data sets with the sole purpose of understanding the instrument systematics affecting MIRI. We identify and categorize important detector-level systematics in the observations that are generally present across all 17 analyzed eclipse observations, which we illustrate as eigenimage/eigenvalue pairs in the FN-PCA. One of these eigenimage/eigenvalue pairs corresponds to the prominent ramp effect at the beginning of the time-series observations which has widely been reported for JWST and Spitzer photometry. For JWST/MIRI, we show that the detector settling time scales exponentially with the apparent magnitude of the target star $T_\mathrm{set} \mathrm{[hours]} = 0.063\exp^{0.427\cdot m_K} -0.657$. This uniform reanalysis and investigation of JWST/MIRI systematics is done in preparation for the 500 hour Rocky Worlds DDT survey, to demonstrate a data-driven systematic model usable across all MIRI 15 micron datasets.