标题： 构建SPARCS，一个用于系外行星可居住性研究、技术进步和任务培训的紫外科学立方星 显示英文标题

标题： Building SPARCS, an Ultraviolet Science CubeSat for Exoplanet Habitability Studies, Technology Advancements, and Mission Training

摘要： 星-行星活动研究立方卫星（SPARCS）是一项由美国国家航空航天局资助的6U立方卫星任务，旨在监测低质量恒星的紫外线（UV）辐射。这些恒星相对高频和高能的紫外线耀斑显著影响绕行系外行星的大气层，导致大气流失并改变适居条件。SPARCS旨在同时捕捉远紫外线和近紫外线的时间分辨光度数据，以更好地表征耀斑并检测最强和最罕见的耀斑。此外，SPARCS正在测试创新技术，如具有接近100%内部量子效率的delta掺杂探测器和集成金属电介质紫外线带通滤波器。该任务将提高这些关键组件的技术成熟度，使其适用于未来的旗舰任务，如宜居世界观测站。本文概述了SPARCS的任务目标，并提供了航天器完成后的更新信息，该航天器预计于2025年底发射至太阳同步低地球轨道。它还强调了小型任务在为学生和研究人员提供培训和领导力发展机会、推进大型望远镜技术方面的重要作用，并分享了来自学术界、政府和工业界合作伙伴合作中学到的经验教训。 显示英文摘要

摘要： The Star-Planet Activity Research CubeSat (SPARCS) is a NASA-funded 6U-CubeSat mission designed to monitor ultraviolet (UV) radiation from low-mass stars. These stars' relatively high-frequency and high-energy UV flares significantly affect the atmospheres of orbiting exoplanets, driving atmospheric loss and altering the conditions for habitability. SPARCS aims to capture time-resolved photometric data in the far-UV and near-UV simultaneously to better characterize the flares and detect the strongest and rarest among them. In addition, SPARCS is testing innovative technology, such as delta-doped detectors with near 100% internal quantum efficiency and detector-integrated metaldielectric UV bandpass filters. This mission will increase the technology readiness level of these critical components, positioning them for inclusion in future flagship missions like the Habitable Worlds Observatory. This paper outlines SPARCS' mission goals and provides an update as the spacecraft is completed and awaits its planned late-2025 launch to a sun-synchronous low-Earth orbit. It also highlights the critical role of small missions in providing training and leadership development opportunities for students and researchers, advancing technology for larger observatories, and shares lessons learned from collaborations between academic, government, and industry partners.