标题： 利用脉冲星的磁滞现象锁定超流体并测量质量 显示英文标题

标题： Pinning down the superfluid and measuring masses using pulsar glitches

摘要： 脉冲星以其极高的计时精度而闻名，尽管当这些星体较年轻时， glitches（瞬变现象）可能会中断其正常的计时行为。这些瞬变现象被认为是由恒星外壳中普通物质和超流物质之间的相互作用引起的。然而，像 Vela 这样的发生瞬变现象的脉冲星已被证明需要一个远超壳层内可获得的超流体储库。 我们研究了一个模型，该模型认为瞬变现象会提取核心中的超流体。我们将多种理论上的超流体模型与最新的瞬变数据进行对比测试，并发现只有一个模型能够成功解释长达 45 年的观测数据。 我们开发了一种结合射电和 X 射线数据的新方法来测量脉冲星的质量，从而展示了当前和未来的望远镜如何探测诸如核饱和附近超流体等基础物理现象。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Pulsars are known for their superb timing precision, although glitches can interrupt the regular timing behavior when the stars are young. These glitches are thought to be caused by interactions between normal and superfluid matter in the crust of the star. However, glitching pulsars such as Vela have been shown to require a superfluid reservoir that greatly exceeds that available in the crust. We examine a model in which glitches tap the superfluid in the core. We test a variety of theoretical superfluid models against the most recent glitch data and find that only one model can successfully explain up to 45 years of observational data. We develop a new technique for combining radio and X-ray data to measure pulsar masses, thereby demonstrating how current and future telescopes can probe fundamental physics such as superfluidity near nuclear saturation.