标题： 2024年阿根廷射电天文研究所主要维拉脉冲星跃变研究 显示英文标题

标题： Study of the 2024 major Vela glitch at the Argentine Institute of Radioastronomy

摘要： 我们在此报告在阿根廷射电天文研究所对南半球脉冲星的系统监测的新结果。 特别是，我们在本工作中研究了Vela脉冲星（PSR J0835$-$4510）于2024年4月29日发生的新的主要跳变。 我们的目标是全面表征Vela脉冲星在其最后一次主要跳变周围的旋转行为，并研究其在跳变附近的单个脉冲的统计特性。 我们通过脉冲星计时技术来表征脉冲星在跳变附近的旋转行为。 我们通过将计时残差拟合到事件发生前后几天收集的数据来测量跳变参数。 此外，我们研究了跳变前和跳变后观察日的Vela单个脉冲。 我们选择了2024年4月29日主要跳变周围的九天观测数据，并使用自组织映射（SOM）技术研究它们的统计特性。 我们使用变分自编码器（VAE）对脉冲进行重构，以清晰地区分它们与噪声。 我们获得了跳变的精确计时解。 我们发现两个恢复项为$\sim 3~\mathrm{days}$和$\sim 17~\mathrm{days}$。 我们发现高幅度与较窄的脉冲之间存在相关性，而在跳变前后未发现显著的定性系统性变化。 显示英文摘要

摘要： We report here on new results of the systematic monitoring of southern glitching pulsars at the Argentine Institute of Radioastronomy. In particular, we study in this work the new major glitch in the Vela pulsar (PSR J0835$-$4510) that occurred on 2024 April 29. We aim to thoroughly characterise the rotational behaviour of the Vela pulsar around its last major glitch and investigate the statistical properties of its individual pulses around the glitch. We characterise the rotational behaviour of the pulsar around the glitch through the pulsar timing technique. We measured the glitch parameters by fitting timing residuals to the data collected during the days surrounding the event. In addition, we study Vela individual pulses during the days of observation just before and after the glitch. We selected nine days of observations around the major glitch on 2024 April 29 and studied their statistical properties with the Self-Organizing Maps (SOM) technique. We used Variational AutoEncoder (VAE) reconstruction of the pulses to separate them clearly from the noise. We obtain a precise timing solution for the glitch. We find two recovery terms of $\sim 3~\mathrm{days}$ and $\sim 17~\mathrm{days}$. We find a correlation of high amplitude with narrower pulses while not finding notable qualitative systematic changes before and after the glitch.