标题： 微机电可变形镜用于高对比度成像的发展，第一部分：小型化、可飞行的控制电子设备 显示英文标题

标题： Microelectromechanical deformable mirror development for high-contrast imaging, part 1: miniaturized, flight-capable control electronics

摘要： 可变形镜子（DMs）是使当前和计划中的地面和空间望远镜以及旨在成像从气体巨星到地球类比的系外行星类型的未来任务实现日冕仪直接成像的关键技术。 这使得DMs需要满足多个要求，例如需要大量的促动器（>3000个）、精细的表面高度分辨率（<10 pm），以及具有低质量和体积的抗辐射驱动电子设备。 我们介绍了飞行可用的、微型化的DM控制器的设计和测试。 在NASA喷气推进实验室（JPL）的高对比度成像测试设施中，在真空环境下，我们在日冕仪测试台上实现了约5x10-9的对比度，我们证明了电子设备能够满足未来配备日冕仪的空间望远镜的要求。 我们还报告了在高空气球实验“使用可回收实验日冕仪的行星成像概念测试台”上的功能测试，该实验旨在直接成像附近恒星周围的碎片盘和外星黄道尘埃。 该控制器专为波士顿微机械公司（Boston Micromachines Corporation）的Kilo-DM设计，并可轻松扩展到更大的DM格式。 系统的三个主要组件（DM、驱动电子设备和机械及热管理）设计为紧凑且功耗低，以使其不仅可用于系外行星任务，还可用于一系列需要精密光学系统的应用，如直接视线激光通信。 该控制器能够处理1024个促动器，最大动态范围为220 V，16位分辨率，14位精度，1 kHz工作频率。 该系统体积为10 x 10 x 5 cm3，重量小于0.5 kg，功耗小于8 W。我们开发了一个现成的解决方案，以降低未来任务的风险。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Deformable mirrors (DMs) are a critical technology to enable coronagraphic direct imaging of exoplanets with current and planned ground - and space-based telescopes as well as future mission concepts that aim to image exoplanet types ranging from gas giants to Earth analogs. This places several requirements on the DMs such as requires a large actuator count (>3000), fine surface height resolution (<10 pm), and radiation hardened driving electronics with low mass and volume. We present the design and testing of a flight-capable, miniaturized DM controller. Having achieved contrasts on the order of 5x10-9 on a coronagraph testbed in vacuum in the high contrast imaging testbed facility at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), we demonstrate that the electronics are capable of meeting the requirements of future coronagraph-equipped space telescopes. We also report on functionality testing onboard the high-altitude balloon experiment "Planetary Imaging Concept Testbed Using a Recoverable Experiment Coronagraph," which aims to directly image debris disks and exozodiacal dust around nearby stars. The controller is designed for the Boston Micromachines Corporation Kilo-DM and is readily scalable to larger DM formats. The three main components of the system (the DM, driving electronics, and mechanical and heat management) are designed to be compact and have low-power consumption to enable its use not only on exoplanet missions, but also in a wide-range of applications that require precision optical systems, such as direct line-of-sight laser communications. The controller is capable of handling 1024 actuators with 220 V maximum dynamic range, 16-bit resolution, 14-bit accuracy, and 1 kHz operating frequency. The system fits in a 10 x 10 x 5 cm3 volume, weighs <0.5 kg, and consumes <8 W. We have developed a turnkey solution reducing the risk for future missions.