标题： TOI-3568 b：亚木星沙漠中的超级海王星 显示英文标题

标题： TOI-3568 b: a super-Neptune in the sub-Jovian desert

摘要： 次木星沙漠是质量-周期和半径-周期参数空间中的一个区域，通常包括超级地球和热木星之间的短周期范围，该区域表现出行星的内在匮乏。 这种稀缺性可能是由巨行星向内迁移所接收到的恒星辐射引起的光致蒸发造成的。 我们报告了TOI-3568 b的探测和特征分析，这是一颗凌日的超级海王星，质量为$26.4\pm1.0$ M$_\oplus$，半径为$5.30\pm0.27$ R$_\oplus$，整体密度为$0.98\pm0.15$ g cm$^{-3}$，轨道周期为4.417965(5)天，位于次木星沙漠附近。 这颗围绕具有太阳金属量的K型矮星运行的行星，通过TESS进行了光度探测。 通过使用Gemini North的MAROON-X进行高精度径向速度监测计划，并辅以CFHT的SPICE大型项目中SPIRou的额外观测，将其确认为一颗行星。 我们对TESS和地面光度数据、MAROON-X和SPIRou径向速度进行了贝叶斯MCMC联合分析，以测量该行星的轨道、半径和质量，并对高分辨率通量和偏振光谱进行了详细分析，以确定主星的物理参数和元素丰度。 我们的结果表明，TOI-3568 b是一颗富含氢和氦的热超级海王星，其核心含有更重的元素，质量在10到 25 M$_\oplus$之间。 我们分析了TOI-3568 b的光致蒸发状态，发现它在质量为M$_{\rm p}$ $<2$ M$_{\rm Nep}$的行星中经历了最高的EUV光度之一，然而它的蒸发寿命超过了5 Gyr。 位于质量-周期图和能量图上两个重要类别的系外行星之间的过渡位置，这颗行星为检验亚木星沙漠起源的理论提供了机会。 显示英文摘要

摘要： The sub-Jovian desert is a region in the mass-period and radius-period parameter space, typically encompassing short-period ranges between super-Earths and hot Jupiters, that exhibits an intrinsic dearth of planets. This scarcity is likely shaped by photoevaporation caused by the stellar irradiation received by giant planets that have migrated inward. We report the detection and characterization of TOI-3568 b, a transiting super-Neptune with a mass of $26.4\pm1.0$ M$_\oplus$, a radius of $5.30\pm0.27$ R$_\oplus$, a bulk density of $0.98\pm0.15$ g cm$^{-3}$, and an orbital period of 4.417965(5) d situated in the vicinity of the sub-Jovian desert. This planet orbiting a K dwarf star with solar metallicity, was identified photometrically by TESS. It was characterized as a planet by our high-precision radial velocity monitoring program using MAROON-X at Gemini North, supplemented by additional observations from the SPICE large program with SPIRou at CFHT. We performed a Bayesian MCMC joint analysis of the TESS and ground-based photometry, MAROON-X and SPIRou radial velocities, to measure the orbit, radius, and mass of the planet, as well as a detailed analysis of the high-resolution flux and polarimetric spectra to determine the physical parameters and elemental abundances of the host star. Our results reveal TOI-3568 b as a hot super-Neptune, rich in hydrogen and helium with a core of heavier elements with a mass between 10 and 25 M$_\oplus$. We analyzed the photoevaporation status of TOI-3568 b and found that it experiences one of the highest EUV luminosities among planets with a mass M$_{\rm p}$ $<2$ M$_{\rm Nep}$, yet it has an evaporation lifetime exceeding 5 Gyr. Positioned in the transition between two significant populations of exoplanets on the mass-period and energy diagrams, this planet presents an opportunity to test theories concerning the origin of the sub-Jovian desert.