标题： 2024年5月太阳高能事件期间来自活动区13664的日冕变暗现象 显示英文标题

标题： Coronal dimmings from active region 13664 during the May 2024 solar energetic events

摘要： 日冕变暗是在极端紫外（EUV）和软X射线（SXR）辐射中出现的暂时亮度降低区域，与日冕物质抛射（CMEs）相关联，提供了关于CME启动和早期演化的关键见解。 在2024年5月期间，活动区13664是近年来最活跃的区域之一，共产生了55次M级耀斑和12次X级耀斑，同时还伴随多次地球指向的日冕物质抛射。 这些日冕物质抛射的连续触发了二十年来最强烈的地磁暴。 我们研究了来自单一活动区（AR 13664）的日冕变暗，并将其与统计学上的变暗属性进行了比较。 我们调查了日冕变暗参数（如面积、亮度和磁通量）如何与关键耀斑和CME属性相关联。 我们在系统地识别了2024年5月1日至15日期间由活动区13664产生的所有M1.0级以上的耀斑、所有日冕变暗现象以及所有CME（来自SOHO/LASCO目录），并研究了不同现象及其特征参数之间的关联。 我们在22个事件中检测到日冕变暗，其中16个发生在盘面上，6个发生在边缘。 大约83%的X级耀斑和23%的M级耀斑与CME相关联，16个盘面变暗中有13个与CME活动相关。 我们的结果支持日冕变暗与耀斑之间存在强烈相互作用，在这项单活动区研究中，发现耀斑和变暗参数之间的相关性增加，与一般变暗群体相比。 此外，我们确认日冕观测无法观察到低日冕，低估了CME速度和变暗参数之间的相关性，因为它未能捕捉到早期CME加速阶段。 这突显了变暗观测在提供更全面理解CME动力学中的关键作用。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Coronal dimmings are regions of transiently reduced brightness in extreme ultraviolet (EUV) and soft X-ray (SXR) emissions associated with coronal mass ejections (CMEs), providing key insights into CME initiation and early evolution. During May 2024, AR 13664 was among the most flare-productive regions in recent decades, generating 55 M-class and 12 X-class flares along with multiple Earth-directed CMEs. The rapid succession of these CMEs triggered the most intense geomagnetic storm in two decades. We study coronal dimmings from a single active region (AR 13664) and compare them with statistical dimming properties. We investigate how coronal dimming parameters - such as area, brightness, and magnetic flux - relate to key flare and CME properties. We systematically identified all flares above M1.0, all coronal dimmings and all CMEs (from the CDAW SOHO/LASCO catalogue) produced by AR 13664 during 2024 May 1 - 15, and studied the associations between the different phenomena and their characteristic parameters. We detect coronal dimmings in 22 events, with 16 occurring on-disc and six off-limb. Approximately 83% of X-class flares and 23% of M-class flares are associated with CMEs, with 13 out of 16 on-disc dimmings linked to CME activity. Our results support the strong interplay between coronal dimmings and flares, as we find increased correlations between flare and dimming parameters in this single-AR study compared to the general dimming population. Furthermore, we confirm that coronagraphic observations, unable to observe the lower corona, underestimate correlations between CME velocities and dimming parameters, as they fail to capture the early CME acceleration phase. This highlights the critical role of dimming observations in providing a more comprehensive understanding of CME dynamics.