标题： 无线电子机械超材料植入物 显示英文标题

标题： Wireless Electronic-free Mechanical Metamaterial Implants

摘要： 尽管过去二十年无线智能植入物取得了显著进展，当前的可植入设备仍以被动方式运行，并需要额外的电子模块来无线传输存储的生物数据。 为了解决这些挑战，我们通过机械超材料和纳米能量收集技术的集成，提出了一种创新的可植入系统无线力传感范式。 我们展示了复合机械超材料植入物，能够作为一体化的无线力传感单元，集成功能包括发电、传感和传输，且功耗极低。 在这种替代通信方法中，植入物从机械刺激中收集到的电信号被直接用于传感数据的无线传输。 我们进行了实验和理论研究，以展示使用电极检测由应变诱导产生的极化电场的无线检测能力。 通过概念验证的骨科植入物（全膝关节置换术形式），评估了所提出的无线力传感方法的可行性。 研究表明，创建的无线、无电子元件的超材料植入物，功率输出低至0.1皮瓦，可在空气、模拟体液和动物组织中实现力传感期间的直接自供电无线通信。 我们通过一系列在离体人类尸体膝关节标本上进行的实验验证了所提出的植入物的功能。 此外，还研究了电极尺寸和放置位置对接收信号强度的影响。 最后，我们强调了我们的方法在无需依赖任何外部电源的情况下，创造各种机械可调的无线力传感植入物的潜力。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Despite significant advancements in wireless smart implants over the last two decades, current implantable devices still operate passively and require additional electronic modules for wireless transmission of the stored biological data. To address these challenges, we propose an innovative wireless force sensing paradigm for implantable systems through the integration of mechanical metamaterials and nano energy harvesting technologies. We demonstrate composite mechanical metamaterial implants capable of serving as all-in-one wireless force sensing units, incorporating functions for power generation, sensing and transmission with ultra-low power requirements. In this alternative communication approach, the electrical signals harvested by the implants from mechanical stimuli are utilized directly for the wireless transmission of the sensed data. We conduct experimental and theoretical studies to demonstrate the wireless detection of the generated strain-induced polarization electric field using electrodes. The feasibility of the proposed wireless force sensing approach is evaluated through a proof-of-concept orthopedic implant in the form of a total knee replacement. The findings indicate that the created wireless, electronic-free metamaterial implants with a power output as low as 0.1 picowatts enable direct, self-powered wireless communication during force sensing across air, simulated body fluid and animal tissue. We validate the functionality of the proposed implants through a series of experiments conducted on an ex vivo human cadaver knee specimen. Furthermore, the effect of electrode size and placement on the strength of the received signals is examined. Finally, we highlight the potential of our approach to create a diverse array of mechanically-tunable wireless force sensing implants without relying on any external power sources.