标题： 耗散开系统的引力EFT 显示英文标题

标题： Gravitational EFT for dissipative open systems

摘要： 我们基于耗散流体力学有效场论（HydroEFT）的最新进展，详细阐述了与动态引力耦合的耗散开放系统的有效场论（EFT）构造方法。我们的构造基于施温格-凯尔迪什形式主义及其对称性以及微观幺正性。 动态引力的一个关键方面在于引力以普遍的方式耦合到所有自由度，因此该EFT必须考虑能量逃逸的耗散系统所对应的环境的能量-动量张量。我们通过基于HydroEFT建模环境，并假设环境部门的导数展开的有效性来包含这一效应。 为了说明这一点，我们将我们的EFT方法应用于一个与动态引力耦合的耗散标量场，该标量场可以用于例如耗散式暴胀。特别是，我们量化了环境部门中的涨落对标量动力学的影响。 我们还应用相同的框架于耗散引力，讨论了耗散引力波和黑洞热力学广义第二定律。 显示英文摘要

摘要： We elaborate on the effective field theory (EFT) construction for dissipative open systems coupled to dynamical gravity, in light of recent developments on the EFT of dissipative hydrodynamics (HydroEFT). Our construction is based on the Schwinger-Keldysh formalism and its symmetries as well as microscopic unitarity. A key aspect of dynamical gravity is that gravity couples to all degrees of freedom universally, hence the EFT has to take into account the energy-momentum tensor of the environment to which the energy escapes from the dissipative system of interest. We incorporate this effect by modeling the environment based on HydroEFT, assuming validity of the derivative expansion of the environment sector. For illustration, we apply our EFT recipe to a dissipative scalar field coupled to dynamical gravity that can be used, e.g., for dissipative inflation. In particular we quantify impacts of fluctuations in the environment sector on the scalar dynamics. We also apply the same framework to dissipative gravity, discussing dissipative gravitational waves and the generalized second law of black hole thermodynamics.