标题： 测量超流体中的相互摩擦：初始涡旋配置波动的作用 显示英文标题

标题： Measuring mutual friction in superfluids: the role of initial vortex configuration fluctuations

摘要： 量子流体中相互摩擦的物理起源与超流性的基本性质密切相关。 它源于超流组分与正常组分之间的相互作用，这种相互作用由量子涡旋的动力学所介导，导致动量和能量的交换。 尽管这些相互作用复杂，但其基本特征可以通过耗散点涡模型有效地描述，这是对经典涡旋动力学的扩展，包含了有限温度下的耗散。 相互摩擦由纵向（耗散）系数$\alpha$和横向（反应）系数$\alpha'$参数化。 准确测量这些参数为理解量子流体中涡旋运动和耗散的微观机制提供了关键见解，是理论模型的关键基准。 在本工作中，我们使用耗散点涡模型研究初始条件的波动如何影响从涡旋轨迹的时间演化中推断$\alpha$和$\alpha'$的情况。 使用实验上合理的参数，我们表明波动可以在提取相互摩擦系数的值时引入显著偏差。 我们将这些结果与最近在强相互作用原子超流体中的实验测量进行了比较。 将此分析应用于我们最近的实验结果，使我们能够正确确定$\alpha$和$\alpha'$的波动。 显示英文摘要

摘要： The physical origin of mutual friction in quantum fluids is deeply connected to the fundamental nature of superfluidity. It stems from the interaction between the superfluid and normal components, mediated by the dynamics of quantized vortices that induce the exchange of momentum and energy. Despite the complexity of these interactions, their essential features can be effectively described by the dissipative point vortex model, an extension of classical vortex dynamics that incorporates finite-temperature dissipation. Mutual friction is parametrized by the longitudinal (dissipative) coefficient $\alpha$ and the transverse (reactive) coefficient $\alpha'$. Accurate measurement of these parameters provides critical insights into the microscopic mechanisms governing vortex motion and dissipation in quantum fluids, serving as a key benchmark for theoretical models. In this work, we employ the dissipative point vortex model to study how fluctuations in the initial conditions influence the inference of $\alpha$ and $\alpha'$ from the time evolution of the vortex trajectories. Using experimentally realistic parameters, we show that fluctuations can introduce significant biases in the extracted values of the mutual friction coefficients. We compare our findings with recent experimental measurements in strongly interacting atomic superfluids. Applying this analysis to our recent experimental results allowed us to account for fluctuations in the correct determination of $\alpha$ and $\alpha'$.