标题： 脂质膜的介观尺度计算机模拟教程：栓系拉动、管化作用和波动 显示英文标题

标题： A tutorial for mesoscale computer simulations of lipid membranes: tether pulling, tubulation and fluctuation

摘要： 脂质膜和膜变形是软物质和生物物理学领域长期研究的重要课题。计算机模拟作为该领域的支柱之一，已经补充了分析和实验方法。然而，由于涉及多学科的努力以及现有模拟模型的广泛选择，设置和使用膜模拟可能会遇到障碍。本文综述旨在向非专业人士介绍介观尺度的粗粒化膜模拟（CGMS）。首先，我们简要概述用于研究流体膜的建模方法，并提供指向更专业参考文献的指导。其次，我们提供一个概念性的指南，介绍如何开发CGMS。最后，我们通过三种不同的膜模型对栓系拉伸、管状结构形成和膜涨落进行教学式分析，并从它们的应用范围和资源消耗方面讨论这些模型。为了帮助读者进入这一领域，我们提供了一个包含现成可运行教程的资源库。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Lipid membranes and membrane deformations are a long-standing area of research in soft matter and biophysics. Computer simulations have complemented analytical and experimental approaches as one of the pillars in the field. However, setting up and using membrane simulations can come with barriers due to the multidisciplinary effort involved and the vast choice of existing simulations models. In this review, we introduce the non-expert reader to coarse-grained membrane simulations (CGMS) at the mesoscale. Firstly, we give a concise overview of the modelling approaches to study fluid membranes, together with guidance to more specialized references. Secondly, we provide a conceptual guide on how to develop CGMS. Lastly, we construct a hands-on tutorial on how to apply CGMS, by providing a pedagogical examination of tether pulling, tubulation and fluctuations with three different membrane models, and discussing them in terms of their scope and how resource-intensive they are. To ease the reader's venture into the field, we provide a repository with ready-to-run tutorials.