标题： 全局控制的模拟量子模拟器中的通用动力学 显示英文标题

标题： Universal Dynamics with Globally Controlled Analog Quantum Simulators

摘要： 具有全局控制场的模拟量子模拟器已成为探索复杂量子现象的强大平台。 最近的突破，如对数千个原子的相干控制，突显了在大规模上实现量子应用的潜力。 尽管取得了这些进展，一个基本的理论问题仍未解决：在全局控制下，这类系统能在多大程度上实现通用量子动力学？ 在此，我们建立了一个仅使用全局脉冲控制实现通用量子计算的必要且充分条件，证明实际上一大类模拟量子模拟器是通用的。 我们进一步将这一框架扩展到费米子和玻色子系统，包括超冷原子在光子超晶格中的现代平台。 至关重要的是，为了将理论可能性与实验现实联系起来，我们在实验中引入了一种新的控制技术——直接量子最优控制。 这种方法能够合成复杂的有效哈密顿量，并允许我们纳入实际的硬件约束。 为了展示其实际效果，我们实验性地设计了阻塞区域外的三体相互作用，并在里德伯原子阵列上展示了拓扑动力学。 利用新的控制框架，我们通过识别平滑、短持续时间的脉冲克服了关键的实验挑战，这些脉冲实现了高保真度的动力学。 实验测量揭示了对称保护拓扑边缘模式的动力学特征，证实了我们方法的表达能力和可行性。 我们的工作为超越原生硬件哈密顿量的量子模拟开辟了新途径，使有效多体相互作用的工程成为可能，并推动了全局控制模拟平台在量子信息处理领域的前沿发展。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Analog quantum simulators with global control fields have emerged as powerful platforms for exploring complex quantum phenomena. Recent breakthroughs, such as the coherent control of thousands of atoms, highlight the growing potential for quantum applications at scale. Despite these advances, a fundamental theoretical question remains unresolved: to what extent can such systems realize universal quantum dynamics under global control? Here we establish a necessary and sufficient condition for universal quantum computation using only global pulse control, proving that a broad class of analog quantum simulators is, in fact, universal. We further extend this framework to fermionic and bosonic systems, including modern platforms such as ultracold atoms in optical superlattices. Crucially, to connect the theoretical possibility with experimental reality, we introduce a new control technique into the experiment - direct quantum optimal control. This method enables the synthesis of complex effective Hamiltonians and allows us to incorporate realistic hardware constraints. To show its practical power, we experimentally engineer three-body interactions outside the blockade regime and demonstrate topological dynamics on a Rydberg atom array. Using the new control framework, we overcome key experimental challenges, including hardware limitations and atom position fluctuations in the non-blockade regime, by identifying smooth, short-duration pulses that achieve high-fidelity dynamics. Experimental measurements reveal dynamical signatures of symmetry-protected-topological edge modes, confirming both the expressivity and feasibility of our approach. Our work opens a new avenue for quantum simulation beyond native hardware Hamiltonians, enabling the engineering of effective multi-body interactions and advancing the frontier of quantum information processing with globally-controlled analog platforms.