标题： 平面超导体-拓扑绝缘体-超导体结中束缚于约瑟夫森涡旋的马约拉纳零模检测 显示英文标题

标题： Detection of Majorana zero modes bound to Josephson vortices in planar superconductor-topological insulator-superconductor junctions

摘要： 我们研究了在垂直磁场中的超导体-三维拓扑绝缘体-超导体(S-TI-S)约瑟夫森结中束缚于约瑟夫森涡旋的马约拉纳零模(MZMs)的特征。首先，使用半经典分析和数值技术，我们计算了结中低能Caroli-de Gennes-Matricon(CdGM)态携带的空间分辨超电流密度。受最近一项实验[Yue等, Phys. Rev. B 109, 094511 (2024)]的启发，我们讨论了涡旋MZMs的存在是否以及如何反映在超电流测量中，表明单独的弗劳恩霍夫(Fraunhofer)特征不足以可靠地检测涡旋MZMs。接下来，我们提出了两种我们认为可以补充超电流测量的方法，以进一步验证该结确实包含MZMs。具体而言，我们讨论了如何通过(1)利用扫描隧道显微镜技术绘制结中的局域态密度，以及(2)对结中低能CdGM态的谱进行微波光谱分析来获得额外的马约拉纳特征。 显示英文摘要

摘要： We study signatures of Majorana zero modes (MZMs) bound to Josephson vortices in superconductor-three-dimensional topological insulator-superconductor (S-TI-S) Josephson junctions placed in a perpendicular magnetic field. First, using semiclassical analytical as well as numerical techniques, we calculate the spatially resolved supercurrent density carried by the low-energy Caroli-de Gennes-Matricon (CdGM) states in the junction. Motivated by a recent experiment [Yue et al., Phys. Rev. B 109, 094511 (2024)], we discuss if and how the presence of vortex MZMs is reflected in supercurrent measurements, showing that Fraunhofer signatures alone are not suitable to reliably detect vortex MZMs. Next, we propose two ways in which we believe supercurrent measurements could be complemented to further verify that the junction does indeed host MZMs. Explicitly, we discuss how additional Majorana signatures could be obtained by (1) mapping out the local density of states in the junction via scanning tunneling microscopy techniques, and (2) microwave spectroscopy of the spectrum of low-energy CdGM states in the junction.