标题： Rashba自旋-轨道耦合和人工设计的拓扑超导体 显示英文标题

标题： Rashba spin-orbit coupling and artificially engineered topological superconductors

摘要： 凝聚态物理中最重要的物理效应之一是Rashba自旋-轨道耦合（RSOC），它在Emanuel Rashba的开创性工作中被引入。 在本文中，我们讨论、描述并回顾（提供批判性观点）RSOC在当前活跃的研究领域拓扑量子计算中的关键作用。 目前大多数，如果不是全部的话，实验拓扑量子计算平台都使用马约拉纳零模作为量子比特的基本成分，因为它们具有非阿贝尔任意子性质，具有内在的量子简并性，这使得非局域编码受到拓扑能隙的保护。 结果表明，RSOC是实验室中产生低维拓扑超导体的关键成分，这样的拓扑超导体自然具有孤立的局部中间能隙马约拉纳零模。 此外，增强RSOC的强度可以扩大拓扑能隙，从而增强量子比特对退相干的拓扑免疫性。 因此，Rashba关于自旋-轨道耦合的经典工作不仅可能导致局域非阿贝尔任意子的实现，还可能实现容错量子计算。 显示英文摘要

摘要： One of the most important physical effects in condensed matter physics is the Rashba spin-orbit coupling (RSOC), introduced in seminal works by Emmanuel Rashba. In this article, we discuss, describe, and review (providing critical perspectives on) the crucial role of RSOC in the currently active research area of topological quantum computation. Most, if not all, of the current experimental topological quantum computing platforms use the idea of Majorana zero modes as the qubit ingredient because of their non-Abelian anyonic property of having an intrinsic quantum degeneracy, which enables nonlocal encoding protected by a topological energy gap. It turns out that RSOC is a crucial ingredient in producing a low-dimensional topological superconductor in the laboratory, and such topological superconductors naturally have isolated localized midgap Majorana zero modes. In addition, increasing the RSOC strength enhances the topological gap, thus enhancing the topological immunity of the qubits to decoherence. Thus, Rashba's classic work on SOC may lead not only to the realization of localized non-Abelian anyons, but also fault tolerant quantum computation.