标题： Majorana 散射不变量的偏差识别 显示英文标题

标题： Identifying biases of the Majorana scattering invariant

摘要： 马约拉纳模式的实验特征易于获取但模棱两可，只能间接探测拓扑性：例如，准马约拉纳态模仿了大多数马约拉纳的性质。 建立一个与已知具有拓扑性的理论模型相对应的实验可以消除这种模棱两可。 在这里我们证明，仅仅从理论上确定一个有限系统是否具有拓扑性本身也是模棱两可的。 特别是，我们展示了散射拓扑不变量——与马约拉纳零能模输运特征最相关的拓扑探测手段——在有限系统中存在多种偏差。 例如，我们发现准马约拉纳态也会在中间尺寸的系统中模仿马约拉纳零能模的散射不变量。 我们预计由于有限尺寸效应引起的偏差是普遍存在的，并建议在分析有限系统的拓扑性时应结合与热力学极限的比较。 我们的研究结果直接适用于拓扑间隙协议的应用。 显示英文摘要

摘要： The easily accessible experimental signatures of Majorana modes are ambiguous and only probe topology indirectly: for example, quasi-Majorana states mimic most properties of Majoranas. Establishing a correspondence between an experiment and a theoretical model known to be topological resolves this ambiguity. Here we demonstrate that already theoretically determining whether a finite system is topological is by itself ambiguous. In particular, we show that the scattering topological invariant -- a probe of topology most closely related to transport signatures of Majoranas -- has multiple biases in finite systems. For example, we identify that quasi-Majorana states also mimic the scattering invariant of Majorana zero modes in intermediate-sized systems. We expect that the bias due to finite size effects is universal, and advocate that the analysis of topology in finite systems should be accompanied by a comparison with the thermodynamic limit. Our results are directly relevant to the applications of the topological gap protocol.