标题： 当退相失效时：量子输运中退相干模型的热力学后果 显示英文标题

标题： When Dephasing Fails: Thermodynamic Consequences of Decoherence Models in Quantum Transport

摘要： 理解退相干如何影响热量和信息流动对于实现量子技术的潜力至关重要。 在量子输运中，两种广泛使用的包含退相干的模型是电压探测器（VP），它施加局部电荷电流守恒，以及电压-温度探测器（VTP），它也守恒热量电流。 尽管这些模型通常被视为功能等价，但我们证明这种等价性实际上只在高度对称条件下存在，这在实验上可能难以实现。在非对称耦合或热偏置下，VTP遵守热力学约束并在电荷和热量通道中强制退相干，而VP则充当热量的源或汇。 值得注意的是，即使探测器耦合强度很大，VP也可能完全无法模拟热量传输中的退相干。 使用基于苯分子结的实际例子，我们表明这些效应显著影响预测的热量传输。 这些结果确立了VP和VTP模型不可互换：只有VTP提供了在量子输运中建模退相干的热力学一致框架。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Understanding how decoherence influences heat and information flow is essential for realizing the promise of quantum technologies. Two widely used models for incorporating decoherence in quantum transport are the voltage probe (VP), which imposes local charge current conservation, and the voltage-temperature probe (VTP), which also conserves heat current. Although these models are often treated as functionally equivalent, we demonstrate that this equivalence actually exists only under highly symmetric conditions, which may be challenging to achieve experimentally Under asymmetric coupling or thermal bias, the VTP respects thermodynamic constraints and enforces decoherence in both charge and heat channels, while the VP instead acts as a source or sink of heat. Strikingly, the VP can fail to model decoherence in the heat transport entirely, even with large probe coupling strengths. Using a benzene-based molecular junction as a realistic example, we show that these effects significantly impact the predicted heat transport. These results establish that the VP and VTP models are not interchangeable: only the VTP provides a thermodynamically consistent framework for modeling decoherence in quantum transport.