标题： 具有1.1纳秒时间分辨率的瞬态信号量子磁强计 显示英文标题

标题： Quantum magnetometry of transient signals with a time resolution of 1.1 nanoseconds

摘要： 基于固体中自旋缺陷的量子磁强计能够灵敏地成像各种磁现象，例如铁磁性和反铁磁性、超导性和电流引起的磁场。 现有协议主要关注静态场或窄带动态信号，并优化以实现高灵敏度而非快速时间分辨率。 在此，我们报告了对快速信号瞬变的检测，为研究磁系统的丰富动力学提供了新视角。 我们通过在室温下使用单个氮空位（NV）中心磁强计实验验证了该技术，达到了最佳努力的时间分辨率1.1 ns，瞬时带宽为0.9 GHz，并且飞行时间精度优于20 ps。 通过使用片上波导，时间分辨率可以扩展到皮秒范围。 在这些速度下，NV量子磁强计将与时间分辨同步辐射X射线技术相竞争。 展望未来，将快速时间分辨率与空间成像能力结合，将进一步推动单自旋探针作为自旋电子学、介观物理和纳米尺度器件计量的强大研究工具。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Quantum magnetometers based on spin defects in solids enable sensitive imaging of various magnetic phenomena, such as ferro- and antiferromagnetism, superconductivity, and current-induced fields. Existing protocols primarily focus on static fields or narrow-band dynamical signals, and are optimized for high sensitivity rather than fast time resolution. Here, we report detection of fast signal transients, providing a perspective for investigating the rich dynamics of magnetic systems. We experimentally demonstrate our technique using a single nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center magnetometer at room temperature, reaching a best-effort time resolution of 1.1 ns, an instantaneous bandwidth of 0.9 GHz, and a time-of-flight precision better than 20 ps. The time resolution can be extended to the picosecond range by use of on-chip waveguides. At these speeds, NV quantum magnetometers will become competitive with time-resolved synchrotron X-ray techniques. Looking forward, adding fast temporal resolution to the spatial imaging capability further promotes single-spin probes as powerful research tools in spintronics, mesoscopic physics, and nanoscale device metrology.