标题： 高效晶体硅太阳能电池的表征与优化 显示英文标题

标题： Characterization and optimization of high-efficiency crystalline silicon solar cells

摘要： 由于基于硅的太阳能电池（SCs）在实验室条件下的光电转换效率$\eta$接近理论基本极限，进一步提高其性能需要通过理论建模和/或数值模拟来优化太阳能电池的参数和设计。 描述了现有用于建模和优化高效单晶硅（c-Si）太阳能电池关键参数的数值方法，单晶硅是光伏领域的主要材料。 研究表明，除了通常考虑的四种复合过程，即Shockley-Read-Hall、表面、辐射以及带间Auger复合机制外，还需要包括非辐射激子Auger复合和空间电荷区（SCR）中的复合。 为了开发分析太阳能电池表征的形式化方法，我们提出了一种简单的表达式来模拟接近吸收边界的光电流外部量子效率（EQE）与波长的依赖关系。 基于这种参数化方法，所发展的理论允许计算和优化基区厚度相关的短路电流、开路电压以及太阳能电池的光电转换效率。 我们证明了优化太阳能电池参数（特别是厚度和基区掺杂水平）的方法是准确的，并且通过文献中报道的两种硅太阳能电池进行了验证，一种效率为26.7%，另一种达到创纪录的26.81%。 结果显示，所发展的形式化方法允许进一步优化太阳能电池的厚度和掺杂水平，从而进一步提高太阳能电池的效率至更高的值。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Since the photoconversion efficiency $\eta$ of the silicon-based solar cells (SCs) under laboratory conditions is approaching the theoretical fundamental limit, further improvement of their performance requires theoretical modeling and/or numerical simulation to optimize the SCs parameters and design. The existing numerical approaches to modeling and optimization of the key parameters of high-efficiency solar cells based on monocrystalline silicon (c-Si), the dominant material in photovoltaics, are described. It is shown that, in addition to the four usually considered recombination processes, namely, Shockley-Read-Hall, surface, radiative, and band-to-band Auger recombination mechanisms, the non-radiative exciton Auger recombination and recombination in the space charge region (SCR) have to be included. To develop the analytical SC characterization formalism, we proposed a simple expression to model the wavelength-dependent external quantum efficiency (EQE) of the photocurrent near the absorption edge. Based on this parameterization, the theory developed allows for calculating and optimizing the base thickness-dependent short-circuit current, the open-circuit voltage, and the SC photoconversion efficiency. We proved that the approach to optimize the solar cell parameters, especially its thickness and the base doping level, is accurate and demonstrated for the two Si solar cells reported in the literature, one with an efficiency of 26.7 % and the other with the record efficiency of 26.81 %. It is shown that the formalism developed allows further optimization of the solar cell thickness and doping level, thus increasing the SC efficiency to an even higher value.