标题： 任意子化玻色子 显示英文标题

标题： Anyonization of bosons

摘要： 任意子是低维准粒子，它们遵循分数统计，因此在玻色子和费米子之间进行插值。 在二维情况下，它们作为分数量子霍尔态的基本激发而存在，并被认为能够实现拓扑量子计算。 一维（1D）任意子已经被理论提出，但其实验实现已被证明非常困难。 在这里，我们在一维强相互作用量子气体中观察到任意子相关性，这些相关性通过自旋-电荷分离现象产生。 所需的自旋自由度由一个移动杂质提供，其有效任意子相关性与实验上可调的统计角有关。 这些任意子相关性通过监测杂质动量分布来测量，其不对称特征展示了通过任意子将玻色子转变为费米子的转变。 超越平衡条件，我们通过任意子的动力学费米化研究任意子相关性的动力学特性。 我们的工作为在高度可控的环境中探索非平衡任意子现象打开了大门。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Anyons are low-dimensional quasiparticles that obey fractional statistics, hence interpolating between bosons and fermions. In two dimensions, they exist as elementary excitations of fractional quantum Hall states and they are believed to enable topological quantum computing. One-dimensional (1D) anyons have been theoretically proposed, but their experimental realization has proven to be difficult. Here, we observe anyonic correlations, which emerge through the phenomenon of spin-charge separation, in a 1D strongly-interacting quantum gas. The required spin degree of freedom is provided by a mobile impurity, whose effective anyonic correlations are associated with an experimentally tunable statistical angle. These anyonic correlations are measured by monitoring the impurity momentum distribution, whose asymmetric feature demonstrates the transmutation of bosons via anyons to fermions. Going beyond equilibrium conditions, we study the dynamical properties of the anyonic correlations via dynamical fermionization of the anyons. Our work opens up the door to the exploration of non-equilibrium anyonic phenomena in a highly controllable setting.