标题： 表面电荷弛豫控制非平衡胶体晶体的寿命 显示英文标题

标题： Surface Charge Relaxation Controls the Lifetime of Out-of-Equilibrium Colloidal Crystals

摘要： 带电胶体粒子之间的相互作用受到电荷调节和电荷归一化的影响，使得有效势对局部粒子密度非常敏感。 在本工作中，我们研究动态演化、密度依赖的Yukawa相互作用如何影响非平衡胶体结构的稳定性。 受一系列实验的启发，这些实验中出人意料的长寿命胶体晶体表明存在同电荷吸引力，我们系统地探讨了电荷调节和电荷归一化的作用。 使用Poisson-Boltzmann单元理论，我们计算了有效胶体电荷和屏蔽长度作为填充分数的函数。 这些结果随后被纳入布朗动力学模拟中，该模拟动态解析随时间和局部密度变化的胶体电荷。 在慢弛豫动力学的情况下，我们的结果表明，包含这些充电效应显著延长了非平衡胶体晶体的寿命，为实验观察到的长寿命晶体提供了解释。 这些发现表明，表面电荷动力学与胶体相互作用的相互作用可以在带电胶体悬浮液中产生复杂而丰富的非平衡行为，通过静电反馈机制为调节胶体稳定性开辟了新的途径。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Interactions between charged colloidal particles are profoundly influenced by charge regulation and charge renormalization, rendering the effective potential highly sensitive to local particle density. In this work, we investigate how a dynamically evolving, density-dependent Yukawa interaction affects the stability of out-of-equilibrium colloidal structures. Motivated by a series of experiments where unexpectedly long-lived colloidal crystals have suggested the presence of like-charged attractions, we systematically explore the role of charge regulation and charge renormalization. Using Poisson-Boltzmann cell theory, we compute the effective colloidal charge and screening length as a function of packing fraction. These results are subsequently incorporated into Brownian dynamics simulations that dynamically resolve the evolving colloid charge as a function of time and local density. In the case of slow relaxation dynamics, our results show that incorporating these charging effects significantly prolongs the lifetimes of out-of-equilibrium colloidal crystals, providing an explanation for the experimental observation of long-lived crystals. These findings demonstrate that the interplay of surface charge dynamics and colloidal interactions can give rise to complex and rich nonequilibrium behavior in charged colloidal suspensions, opening new pathways for tuning colloidal stability through electrostatic feedback mechanisms.