标题： 小系统的状态方程与表面自由度 显示英文标题

标题： Equation of state of a small system with surface degrees of freedom

摘要： 我们考虑了一个具有内部粒子和表面自由度的小型有限系统模型。 所有主要的统计分布都是在预热力学极限的基础上显式获得的。 温度或任何热力学方程的概念未被使用。 表面元坐标的分布允许严格确定内部粒子施加的压力。 通过这种方式，我们推导出了具有表面的小系统的状态方程。 它将压力与体自由度和表面自由度的数量、它们的平均能量和体积相关联。 表面的平均势能被发现高于每个自由度的平均动能。 所得的状态方程考虑了这种过量表面能的影响。 在热力学极限下，温度出现，所得的状态方程转化为通常的理想气体状态方程。 显示英文摘要

摘要： We have considered a model of a small finite system with internal particles and surface degrees of freedom. All the main statistical distributions were explicitly obtained, on a pre thermodynamic limit basis. The concept of temperature or any thermodynamic equations was not used. The distribution of coordinates of a surface element allows the rigorous determination of the pressure exerted by the internal particles. In this way, we have derived the equation of state for a small system with surface. It relates the pressure to the numbers of bulk and surface degrees of freedom, their mean energies and the volume. The mean potential energy of the surface was found to be higher than the mean kinetic energy, per degree of freedom. The obtained equation of state accounts for the influence of this excessive surface energy. In the thermodynamic limit, the temperature appears and the obtained equation of state transfers to the usual ideal gas one.