标题： 相干导体中电流涨落的热力学界限 显示英文标题

标题： Thermodynamic bound on current fluctuations in coherent conductors

摘要： 我们推导出相干导体中粒子电流的大型偏差函数的普遍界限。 该界限仅依赖于相关电流的平均值和维持非平衡稳态所需的总熵产生率，从而表明典型和罕见的电流涨落最终都受到耗散的限制。 我们的分析基于量子输运的散射方法，并适用于任何多端口设置，具有任意化学势和温度梯度，前提是库之间的传输系数是对称的。 这一条件对于任何两终端系统都满足，并且更一般地，当导体中粒子的动力学在时间反演下对称时也满足。 对于典型的电流涨落，我们恢复了最近为相干输运推导出的热力学不确定性关系。 为了说明我们的理论，我们分析了一个由由量子点链连接的两个库组成的特定模型，该模型显示我们的界限可以渐近达到。 显示英文摘要

摘要： We derive a universal bound on the large-deviation functions of particle currents in coherent conductors. This bound depends only on the mean value of the relevant current and the total rate of entropy production required to maintain a non-equilibrium steady state, thus showing that both typical and rare current fluctuations are ultimately constrained by dissipation. Our analysis relies on the scattering approach to quantum transport and applies to any multi-terminal setup with arbitrary chemical potential and temperature gradients, provided the transmission coefficients between reservoirs are symmetric. This condition is satisfied for any two-terminal system and, more generally, when the dynamics of particles within the conductor are symmetric under time-reversal. For typical current fluctuations, we recover a recently derived thermodynamic uncertainty relation for coherent transport. To illustrate our theory, we analyze a specific model comprising two reservoirs connected by a chain of quantum dots, which shows that our bound can be saturated asymptotically.