标题： 三维费米液体中的奇数弛豫 显示英文标题

标题： Odd relaxation in three-dimensional Fermi liquids

摘要： 最近的理论工作预测，在二维费米液体中存在一种长寿命的非流体动力学模式层次，这种特性——据认为仅在二维中存在——是在泡利阻塞存在的情况下，对头碰撞的弛豫效率不高。 这导致了散射率的奇偶性分离，奇宇称模式的弛豫速度远慢于偶宇称模式。 在本工作中，我们确认在各向同性的三维费米液体中也存在类似效应，尽管弛豫并不仅仅通过头对头碰撞进行。 我们表明，虽然三维中偶宇称和奇宇称模式的弛豫率具有相同的主导阶$\sim T^2$低温标度，这是费米液体的典型特征，但它们的大小不同，对于广泛的相互作用类型，奇宇称模式的弛豫速度比偶宇称模式慢。 我们发现，仅通过泡利阻塞，奇宇称和偶宇称弛豫率之间的相对差异可达$40\%$，并且对散射势有很强的依赖性，使得有利于大角度散射的相互作用进一步增强了奇偶差异。 我们在静态横向电导率以及横向集体模结构中识别了这些奇宇称弛豫率的特征。 我们的结果确立了高维费米液体中存在类似于断层扫描的区域，并建议通过输运测量进行实验探测。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Recent theoretical works predict a hierarchy of long-lived, non-hydrodynamic modes in two-dimensional Fermi liquids arising from the feature -- supposedly unique to two dimensions -- that relaxation by head-on scattering is not efficient in the presence of Pauli blocking. This leads to a parity-based separation of scattering rates, with odd-parity modes relaxing much more slowly than even-parity ones. In this work, we establish that a similar effect exists in isotropic three-dimensional Fermi liquids, even though relaxation does not proceed solely by head-on scattering. We show that while the relaxation rates of even and odd modes in 3D share the same leading-order $\sim T^2$ low-temperature scaling typical of Fermi liquids, their magnitudes differ, with odd-parity modes relaxing more slowly than even ones for a broad class of interactions. We find a relative difference between odd-and even-parity relaxation rates as large as $40\%$ just by Pauli blocking alone, with a strong additional dependence on the scattering potential, such that the odd-even staggering is further enhanced by interactions that favor large-angle scattering. We identify signatures of these odd-parity relaxation rates in the static transverse conductivity as well as the transverse collective mode structure. Our results establish the unexpected existence of a tomographic-like regime in higher-dimensional Fermi liquids and suggest experimental probes via transport measurements.