标题： maser热引擎中动能不确定性关系的破坏：自发辐射的作用 显示英文标题

标题： Violation of kinetic uncertainty relation in maser heat engines: Role of spontaneous emission

摘要： 我们研究了动能不确定性关系（KUR）——在maser热机的两种配置中，动态活动与电流波动之间的基本权衡。 我们发现KUR的违反仅出现在一个模型中。 这种不对称性源于自发辐射，它破坏了配置之间的结构对称性，并修改了它们的相干动力学。 虽然我们分析了几个相关因素——包括统计特征如Fano因子和动态活动与电流的比值——但我们的结果表明，决定性机制是其中一个配置中的较慢退相干，这使得量子对经典稳态KUR界限的违反成为可能。 相比之下，另一个配置中的更快相干衰减抑制了这种违反，使其更接近经典行为。 这些发现突显了退相干机制在确定基本热力学界限中的关键作用，并为设计以退相干控制为核心的量子热机提供了见解，从而抑制波动并提高可靠性能。 显示英文摘要

摘要： We investigate the kinetic uncertainty relation (KUR)-a fundamental trade-off between dynamical activity and current fluctuations-in two configurations of a maser heat engine. We find that KUR violations arise only in one model. This asymmetry originates from spontaneous emission, which breaks the structural symmetry between the configurations and modifies their coherence dynamics. While we analyze several contributing factors-including statistical signatures such as the Fano factor and the ratio of dynamical activity to current-our results show that the decisive mechanism is the slower decoherence in one configuration, which enables quantum violations of the classical steady-state KUR bound. By contrast, the faster coherence decay in the other configuration suppresses such violations, driving it closer to classical behavior. These findings highlight the critical role of decoherence mechanisms in determining fundamental thermodynamic bounds and provide insights for the design of quantum heat engines in which the control of decoherence is central to suppressing fluctuations and enhancing reliable performance.